Journal articles
Lee B, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2023). FOUR PATTERNS OF DATA-DRIVEN DESIGN ACTIVITIES IN NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT. Proceedings of the Design Society, 3, 1925-1934.
Markey CL, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2023). MANAGING SMART SYSTEMS FOR THE NET ZERO AGENDA – HOW CAN DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGIES AND SMART PRODUCTS DELIVER CUSTOMER VALUE?. Proceedings of the Design Society, 3, 2545-2554.
Lin Z, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Hall A, Sommer B (2023). USING PLEASURABILITY TO COMPARE WRISTWATCHES AND IOT SMARTWATCHES: PROVIDING NOVEL INSIGHTS INTO UX DESIGN. Proceedings of the Design Society, 3, 3761-3770.
Sayuti NAA, Sommer B, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2022). Biomaterials in Everyday Design: Understanding Perceptions of Designers and Non-Designers. Proceedings of the Design Society, 2, 2025-2034.
Tan X, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Cao J, Zhu Q, Chen W, Nanayakkara T (2021). A Soft Pressure Sensor Skin to Predict Contact Pressure Limit Under Hand Orthosis. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 536-545.
Tan X, Chen W, Cao J, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2021). A preliminary study to identify data needs for improving fit of hand and wrist orthosis using verbal protocol analysis.
Ergonomics,
64(2), 259-272.
Abstract:
A preliminary study to identify data needs for improving fit of hand and wrist orthosis using verbal protocol analysis.
The delayed delivery, poor fitting and discomfort of customised orthoses are reported in rehabilitation clinics as resulting in more invasive interventions. The current practice of orthosis customisation relies heavily upon the experience and fabrication processes of therapists. In order to better understand the current practice, and thus identify data that is required for better comfort moving towards a data-driven customisation, this article describes a study generating working models of therapists. Customisations of hand and wrist orthoses for 18 patients were observed. Verbal protocol analysis was employed to extend the current understanding of fabrication processes. Working models of four therapists were established with quantitative evaluation on major phases, interactive activities and iterations of performing tasks during fabrication, revealing different working models between in- and out-patient departments (e.g. fabrication for in-patients was more complex and focussed on ergonomic fitting whereas fabrication for out-patients paid attention to durability) which were qualitatively explained. Practitioner summary: Fit and comfort are imperative for orthosis design and fabrication, however the current practice of customisation of an orthosis relies upon the experience of individual hand therapist. The article presents working models of hand therapists, and relevant data that would enable customisation of orthosis for better fit. Abbreviations: VPA: verbal protocol analysis; h&w: hand and wrist; LTT: low temperature thermoplastic; ANOVA: analysis of variance.
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Author URL.
Tan X, Chen W, Cao J, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2020). IDENTIFY CRITICAL DATA DURING PRODUCT CUSTOMISATION – a CASE STUDY OF ORTHOSES FABRICATION. Proceedings of the Design Society DESIGN Conference, 1, 413-422.
Cash P, Dekoninck E, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2020). Work with the beat: How dynamic patterns in team processes affect shared understanding.
Design Studies,
69Abstract:
Work with the beat: How dynamic patterns in team processes affect shared understanding
Shared understanding is central to a design team's performance. While current literature describes general relationships between team interaction and the development of shared understanding, it is not known if or how dynamic patterns in team processes impact this. Using a comparative study, we describe dynamic process patterns that influence the relationship between collaborative design work and shared understanding development. We propose two major patterns that impact shared understanding development: taskwork-teamwork interdependency and inter-action heartbeat, and describe how what we term cross-level pattern alignment moderates their effect. We propose a conceptual model that integrates these insights and provides testable propositions. As such, this work has significant implications for both design researchers and practitioners.
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Cramer-Petersen CL, Christensen BT, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2019). Empirically analysing design reasoning patterns: Abductive-deductive reasoning patterns dominate design idea generation. Design Studies, 60, 39-70.
Taylor TP, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2019). Global product development projects: measuring performance and monitoring the risks. Production Planning & Control, 29(15), 1290-1302.
Mata MP, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Shea K (2018). Implementation of Design Rules for Perception into a Tool for Three-Dimensional Shape Generation Using a Shape Grammar and a Parametric Model.
Journal of Mechanical Design,
141(1).
Abstract:
Implementation of Design Rules for Perception into a Tool for Three-Dimensional Shape Generation Using a Shape Grammar and a Parametric Model
The user experience of a product is recognized as having an increasing importance in particular in consumer products. Current approaches to designing user experiences are not easily translated to languages that a computer can understand. This paper examines a particular aspect of user experience, namely perception of the aesthetics of a product, to formalize this to rules, which are embedded into a tool to generate design. Investigating the perception of consumers is key to designing for their aesthetic preferences. Previous research has shown that consumers and designers often perceive the same products differently. This paper aims to embed rules on perception into a tool to support designers during design synthesis. Aesthetic design rules connecting perceptions with aesthetic features were integrated into a set grammar and a parametric modeling tool, and applied to the particular case of vases. The generated tool targeted the creation of vases with the perception of beautiful, elegant, and exciting. Results show that it is possible to generate beautiful, elegant, and exciting vases following the three aesthetic design rules, i.e. tall, simple, and curvy. The main contribution of this paper is the method used to incorporate information on perception into the set grammar and the parametric model. The tool is additionally proposed for supporting designers during design synthesis of shapes. The results are valid for vases but the method can be applied to other perceptions and product categories.
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Keshwani S, Lenau TA, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Chakrabarti A (2017). Comparing novelty of designs from biological-inspiration with those from brainstorming. Journal of Engineering Design, 28(10-12), 654-680.
Cash P, Dekoninck EA, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2017). Supporting the development of shared understanding in distributed design teams. Journal of Engineering Design, 28(3), 147-170.
Søndergaard E, Oehmen J, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2016). Extension of internationalisation models: drivers and processes for the globalisation of product development – a comparison of Danish and Chinese engineering firms. Production Planning & Control, 27(13), 1112-1123.
Perez Mata M, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Brockhoff PB, Yanagisawa H (2016). Investigating the influence of product perception and geometric features. Research in Engineering Design, 28(3), 357-379.
Stavrakos S-K, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2016). Methods of 3D data applications to inform design decisions for physical comfort. Work, 55(2), 321-334.
Stavrakos S-K, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Goldman T (2016). Using archetypes to create user panels for usability studies: Streamlining focus groups and user studies. Applied Ergonomics, 56, 108-116.
Ahmed-Kristensen S, Vianello G (2014). A model for reusing service knowledge based on an empirical case. Research in Engineering Design, 26(1), 57-76.
Nadja Lee Hansen Z, Zhang Y, Ahmed‐Kristensen S (2013). Viewing engineering offshoring in a network perspective: addressing and managing risks.
Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management,
24(2), 154-173.
Abstract:
Viewing engineering offshoring in a network perspective: addressing and managing risks
PurposeCompanies are increasingly engaged with global engineering networks through offshoring of product development activities from R&D to production. This creates many new challenges as operations get physically and culturally decoupled. The purpose of this paper is to improve understanding of how to effectively manage engineering offshoring activities in a context of global engineering networks. The main research question, therefore, is: “Can offshoring of engineering tasks be explained and managed using the concept of Global Engineering Networks (GEN)?” Effective approaches to handling the associated risks of engineering offshoring will be a key area of the investigation.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach is based on the engineering design research methodology developed by Blessing and Chakrabarti, including a descriptive phase and a prescriptive phase. Four case studies of large multinational corporations in Denmark were carried out. Data gathering was mainly documentary studies and interviews. The main data analysis approaches were coding (Strauss and Corbin) and pattern‐matching (Yin). The dataset was analysed using the GEN framework suggested by Zhang et al. and Zhang and Gregory.FindingsEngineering offshoring presents companies with challenges related to communication and knowledge sharing which is addressed through formal and informal mechanisms as well as a more streamlined operation. However, this did not remove the challenges. The GEN framework suggests a systematic approach to understanding global engineering networks through investigating their contextual features, critical capabilities to compete in a particular contextual circumstance, and configuration characteristics to deliver the capabilities. Using the GEN framework, the challenges faced by companies and the risks associated with their engineering offshoring activities can be explained as a mismatch between the required capabilities and the companies' ability to deliver these capabilities.Originality/valueThis paper provides new theoretical insight into both engineering offshoring and GEN theories by extending the GEN framework to address complications within engineering offshoring. This strengthens both academic fields, and will be able to help engineering managers to develop appropriate engineering network configurations for offshore engineering operations.
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Vianello G, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2012). A comparative study of changes across the lifecycle of complex products in a variant and a customised industry. Journal of Engineering Design, 23(2), 99-117.
Hansen ZNL, Kristensen SA (2012). Connecting engineering operations to strategic management: a framework for decision making in engineering offshoring. International Journal of Product Development, 17(3/4), 204-204.
Zhang Y, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Gregory M (2012). Editorial. International Journal of Product Development, 17(3-4), 171-173.
Achiche S, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2011). Genetic fuzzy modeling of user perception of three-dimensional shapes.
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing,
25(1), 93-107.
Abstract:
Genetic fuzzy modeling of user perception of three-dimensional shapes
AbstractDefining the aesthetic and emotional value of a product is an important consideration for its design. Furthermore, if several designers are faced with the task of creating an object that describes a certain emotion/perception (aggressive, soft, heavy, etc.), each is most likely to interpret the emotion/perception with different shapes composed of a set of different geometric features. The authors propose an automatic approach to formalize the relationships between geometric information of three-dimensional objects and the intended emotional content using fuzzy logic. In addition, the automatically generated fuzzy knowledge base was compared to the user's perceptions and to the manually constructed fuzzy knowledge base. The initial findings indicate that the approach is valid to formalize geometric information with perceptions and validate the author's manually developed fuzzy models.
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Hansen ZNL, Kristensen SA (2011). Global product development: the impact on the product development process and how companies deal with it. International Journal of Product Development, 15(4), 205-205.
Vianello G, Ahmed S (2011). Transfer of knowledge from the service phase: a case study from the oil industry. Research in Engineering Design, 23(2), 125-139.
Ahmed S, Christensen BT (2009). An in Situ Study of Analogical Reasoning in Novice and Experienced Design Engineers.
Journal of Mechanical Design,
131(11).
Abstract:
An in Situ Study of Analogical Reasoning in Novice and Experienced Design Engineers
This paper describes a study to understand the use of analogies by design engineers with different levels of experience in an adaptive design domain. Protocol analyses of 12 design engineers have been analyzed to understand the functions and reasoning of the analogies. The protocols are real-world data from the aerospace industry. The findings indicate a significant difference in both the use of analogies by novices and experienced designers and the reasoning from the analogies. Novices were found to predominantly transfer information related to the geometric properties without explicit reference to relevant design issues or to the appropriateness of applying the analogy, whereas experienced designers tended to use analogies for problem solving and problem identification. Experienced designers were found to use the analogy to reason about the function of a component and the predicted behavior of the component, whereas the novices seem to lack such reasoning processes.
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Ahmed S, Štorga M (2009). Merged ontology for engineering design: Contrasting empirical and theoretical approaches to develop engineering ontologies.
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing,
23(4), 391-407.
Abstract:
Merged ontology for engineering design: Contrasting empirical and theoretical approaches to develop engineering ontologies
AbstractThis paper presents a comparison of two previous and separate efforts to develop an ontology in the engineering design domain, together with an ontology proposal from which ontologies for a specific application may be derived. The research contrasts an empirical, user-centered approach to developing the ontology engineering design integrated taxonomies (EDIT) with a theoretical approach in which concepts and relations are elicited from engineering design theories design ontology (DO). The limitations and advantages of each approach are discussed. The research methodology adopted is to map the ontology through examining each of the concepts and relations contained within each of the ontologies DO and EDIT with respect to the other. The comparison process results in an examination of both ontologies, with a few changes resulting from this. The importance of the two different approaches, one that is theoretically sound and another that is applicable, is recognized and argued. Finally, the merged ontology for engineering design is proposed as a template ontology that can be tailored by researchers and practitioners for a specific context.
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Ahmed S (2007). An Industrial Case Study: Identification of Competencies of Design Engineers.
Journal of Mechanical Design,
129(7), 709-716.
Abstract:
An Industrial Case Study: Identification of Competencies of Design Engineers
This paper describes the findings from an empirical study carried out with engineers in senior roles within a large company manufacturing complex products. This research aimed to identify the types of knowledge that are important for design engineers. Twenty four knowledge categories were identified and the importance of these for design engineers in industry was investigated. In addition, the number of years of relevant experience required to become an expert in these types of knowledge was investigated. Knowledge related to the process was perceived as more important to those related to the product. However, the number of years to become an expert in process knowledge was found to be lower than for product knowledge, despite process knowledge being perceived as more important. The findings of this research contribute to the education and training of design engineers.
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Ahmed S (2007). Empirical research in engineering practice. J. of Design Research, 6(3), 359-359.
Ahmed S, Kim S, Wallace KM (2006). A Methodology for Creating Ontologies for Engineering Design.
Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering,
7(2), 132-140.
Abstract:
A Methodology for Creating Ontologies for Engineering Design
This paper describes a six-stage methodology for developing ontologies for engineering design, together with the research methods and evaluation of each stage. The methodology focuses upon understanding a user’s domain models through empirical research. A case study of an ontology for searching, indexing, and retrieving engineering knowledge is described. The root concepts of the ontology were elicited from engineering designers. Relationships between concepts are extracted as the ontology is populated. The contribution of this research is a methodology to allow researchers and industry to create ontologies for their particular purpose and a thesaurus for the terms within the ontology.
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Ahmed S (2005). Encouraging reuse of design knowledge: a method to index knowledge. Design Studies, 26(6), 565-592.
Ahmed S, Wallace KM (2004). Identifying and supporting the knowledge needs of novice designers within the aerospace industry. Journal of Engineering Design, 15(5), 475-492.
Ahmed S, Wallace KM (2004). Understanding the knowledge needs of novice designers in the aerospace industry. Design Studies, 25(2), 155-173.
Ahmed S, Wallace KM, Blessing LTM (2003). Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks.
Research in Engineering Design,
14(1), 1-11.
Abstract:
Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks
Research was undertaken to understand how to provide the most appropriate support for novice designers in engineering design. However, how designers apply their experience and knowledge is not understood and further research in this area is required. This paper describes an observational study to understand how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks.
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Conferences
Sayuti NA, Sommer B, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2021). Bio-related Design Genres: a Survey on Familiarity and Potential Applications.
Abstract:
Bio-related Design Genres: a Survey on Familiarity and Potential Applications
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Lin Z, Sommer B, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2021). IoT Product Pleasurability - Investigating the Pleasurable User Experiences Between Conventional Products and IoT Products Through Watches.
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IoT Product Pleasurability - Investigating the Pleasurable User Experiences Between Conventional Products and IoT Products Through Watches
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Ahmed-Kristensen S, Stavrakos SK (2020). Definition of comfort in design and key aspects - a literature review.
Sayuti NAA, Sommer B, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2020). Identifying the Purposes of Biological Materials in Everyday Designs.
Author URL.
Boujut JF, Cascini G, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Georgiev GV, Iivari N (2020). Preface.
Ahmad Sayuti NA, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2020). UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONAL RESPONSES AND PERCEPTION WITHIN NEW CREATIVE PRACTICES OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Design Creativity (ICDC 2020).
Blösch-Paidosh A, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Shea K (2019). Evaluating the Potential of Design for Additive Manufacturing Heuristic Cards to Stimulate Novel Product Redesigns. ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 18th - 21st Aug 2019.
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Evaluating the Potential of Design for Additive Manufacturing Heuristic Cards to Stimulate Novel Product Redesigns
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Esat R, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2018). CLASSIFICATION OF BIO-DESIGN APPLICATIONS: TOWARDS a DESIGN METHODOLOGY. 15th International Design Conference.
Marini V, Ahmed-kristensen S (2017). Development and validation of design tool for concept choice on robustness, reliability and safety criteria. Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanicl Engineering.
McKay A, Sammonds G, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Irnazarow A, Robinson M (2017). Using embedded design structures to unravel a complex decision in a product development system.
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Using embedded design structures to unravel a complex decision in a product development system
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Cramer-Petersen CL, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2016). Argumentation and reasoning in design: an empirical analysis of the effects of verbal reasoning on idea value in group idea generation.
Soendergaard E, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2016). Developing a support tool for global product development decisions.
Taylor T, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2016). Global product development: KPI selection support.
Perez Mata M, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Shea K (2016). Spatial Grammar for Design Synthesis Targeting Perceptions: Case Study on Beauty. ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 2nd - 5th Aug 2015.
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Spatial Grammar for Design Synthesis Targeting Perceptions: Case Study on Beauty
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Taylor TP, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2015). A longitudinal study of globally distributed design teams: the impacts on product development.
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A longitudinal study of globally distributed design teams: the impacts on product development
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Lenau TA, Keshwani S, Chakrabarti A, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2015). Biocards and level of abstraction.
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Biocards and level of abstraction
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Perez Mata M, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2015). Principles for designing for perception.
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Principles for designing for perception
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Li X, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2015). Understand the design requirement in companies.
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Understand the design requirement in companies
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Søndergaard E, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2014). Decision making in global product development.
Perez Mata M, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Brockhoff PB (2014). Influence of consumer's background on product perception.
Ahmed-Kristensen S, Christensen BT, Lenau T (2014). Naturally original: Stimulating creative design through biological analogies and Random images.
Li X, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2014). Product development in China: Comparison between Danish and Chinese companies.
Taylor TP, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2014). The applicability and coherence of key performance indicators in global product development.
Li X, Zhang Z, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2014). The sources and methods of engineering design requirement.
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The sources and methods of engineering design requirement
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Stavrakos K, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Goldman T (2014). Using archetypes to create user panels for usability studies.
Ahmed-Kristensen S, Babar MA (2013). Comparison of Problem Solving from Engineering Design to Software Design. ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 12th - 15th Aug 2012.
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Comparison of Problem Solving from Engineering Design to Software Design
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Stavrakos KS, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2013). Investigating the role of aesthetics for interaction design.
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Investigating the role of aesthetics for interaction design
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Pérez Mata M, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Yanagisawa H (2013). Perception of aesthetics in consumer products.
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Perception of aesthetics in consumer products
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Stavrakos SK, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2012). Assessment of anthropometric methods in headset design.
Hansen ZNL, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2012). Connecting global product development with corporate strategy.
Marini VK, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2012). Decision-making and feedback as FOCI for knowledge-based strategies supporting concept development.
Ahmed-Kristensen S, Stavrakos SK (2012). Definition of comfort in design and key aspects - a literature review.
Hansen ZNL, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2011). Addressing the risks of global product development.
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Addressing the risks of global product development
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Sudin MN, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2011). Change in requirements during the design process.
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Change in requirements during the design process
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Marini VK, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Restrepo J (2011). Influence of design evaluations on decision-making and feedback during concept development.
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Influence of design evaluations on decision-making and feedback during concept development
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Jensen OK, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Jensen N (2011). Knowledge management challenges in new business development-Transition of the energy system.
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Knowledge management challenges in new business development-Transition of the energy system
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Jensen OK, Ahmed S (2010). Acceptance and Divergence from Engineering Design Procedures Implicating Knowledge Flow. ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 30th Aug - 2nd Sep 2009.
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Acceptance and Divergence from Engineering Design Procedures Implicating Knowledge Flow
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Marini VK, Restrepo J, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2010). Evaluation of information requirements or reliability methods in engineering design.
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Evaluation of information requirements or reliability methods in engineering design
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Jensen ARV, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2010). Identifying knowledge in decision-making processes: a case study.
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Identifying knowledge in decision-making processes: a case study
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Kjeldal-Jensen O, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2010). Informing early-phase technology decisions in paradigmatic innovation.
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Informing early-phase technology decisions in paradigmatic innovation
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Vianello G, Ahmed S (2010). Investigating Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms for Oil Rigs. ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 30th Aug - 2nd Sep 2009.
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Investigating Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms for Oil Rigs
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Achiche S, Ahmed S (2010). Modeling Perception of 3D Forms Using Fuzzy Knowledge Bases. ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 30th Aug - 2nd Sep 2009.
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Modeling Perception of 3D Forms Using Fuzzy Knowledge Bases
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Hansen ZNL, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2010). The impact on the product development process when offshoring or outsourcing.
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The impact on the product development process when offshoring or outsourcing
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Sudin MN, Ahmed-Kristensen S, Andreasen MM (2010). The role of a specification in the design process: a case study.
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The role of a specification in the design process: a case study
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Hansen ZNL, Hansen MS, Rasmussen LB, Jacobsen P, Ahmed-Kristensen S (2010). The sustainable utilization of human resources in global product development.
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The sustainable utilization of human resources in global product development
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Vianello G, Ahmed S (2009). Engineering Changes During the Service Phase. ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 3rd - 6th Aug 2008.
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Engineering Changes During the Service Phase
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Aurisicchio M, Ahmed S, Wallace KM (2009). Improving Design Understanding by Analyzing Questions. ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 4th - 7th Sep 2007.
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Improving Design Understanding by Analyzing Questions
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Sudin MN, Ahmed S (2009). Investigation of change in specifications during a product's lifecycle.
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Investigation of change in specifications during a product's lifecycle
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Vianello G, Ahmed S (2009). Knowledge transfer between service and design phases in the oil industry.
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Knowledge transfer between service and design phases in the oil industry
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Achiche S, Ahmed S (2009). Mapping Shape Geometry and Emotions Using Fuzzy Logic. ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 3rd - 6th Aug 2008.
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Mapping Shape Geometry and Emotions Using Fuzzy Logic
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Badke-Schaub P, Lauche K, Neumann A, Ahmed S (2009). Task, team, process: the development of shared representations in an engineering design team.
Ahmed S, Christensen BT (2009). Use of Analogies by Novice and Experienced Design Engineers. ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. 3rd - 6th Aug 2008.
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Use of Analogies by Novice and Experienced Design Engineers
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Ahmed S, Kanike Y (2007). Engineering change during a product's lifecycle.
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Engineering change during a product's lifecycle
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Ahmed S, Štorga M (2007). Engineering design ontologies-contrasting an empirical and a theoretical approach.
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Engineering design ontologies-contrasting an empirical and a theoretical approach
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Kim S, Ahmed S, Wallace K (2007). Improving information extraction using a probability-based approach.
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Improving information extraction using a probability-based approach
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Ahmed S (2007). Prompting designers to design.
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Prompting designers to design
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Ahmed S (2006). An approach to assist designers with their queries and designs.
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An approach to assist designers with their queries and designs
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Ahmed S, Boelskifte P (2006). Investigations of product design engineering students intentions and a users perception of product character.
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Investigations of product design engineering students intentions and a users perception of product character
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Ahmed S (2006). Prompting designers to design.
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Prompting designers to design
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Ahmed S, Kim S, Wallace KM (2005). A methodology for creating ontologies for engineering design.
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A methodology for creating ontologies for engineering design
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Ahmed S, Hacker P, Wallace K (2005). The role of knowledge and experience in engineering design.
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The role of knowledge and experience in engineering design
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Bracewell RH, Ahmed S, Wallace KM (2004). DRed and design folders, a way of capturing, storing and passing on, knowledge generated during design projects.
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DRed and design folders, a way of capturing, storing and passing on, knowledge generated during design projects
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Ahmed S, Wallace K (2003). Evaluating a functional basis.
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Evaluating a functional basis
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Ahmed S, Wallace K (2003). Indexing design knowledge based upon descriptions of design processes.
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Indexing design knowledge based upon descriptions of design processes
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Aurisicchio M, Langdon PM, Ahmed S, Wallace KM (2003). Investigating knowledge searches in aerospace design.
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Investigating knowledge searches in aerospace design
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Ahmed S, Blessing L, Wallace K (1999). The relationships between data, information and knowledge based on a preliminary study of engineering designers.
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The relationships between data, information and knowledge based on a preliminary study of engineering designers
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