Publications by year
In Press
Shaw G (In Press). Business as Service?. Human Relations and the British Interwar Management Movement.
Human RelationsAbstract:
Business as Service?. Human Relations and the British Interwar Management Movement
To what extent should business have an implication of service when its fundamental purpose is profit-seeking? We explore this issue through a contextually informed reappraisal of British interwar management thinking (1918-1939), drawing on rich archival material concerning the Rowntree business lectures and management research groups. Whereas existing literature is framed around scientific management versus human relations schools, we find a third pronounced, related theme: business as service. Our main contribution is to identify the origins in Britain of the discourse of corporate social responsibility in the guise of business as service. We show that this emerged earlier than commonly assumed and was imbued with an instrumental intent from its inception as a form of management control. This was a discourse emanating not from management theorists but from management practitioners, striving to put the corporate system on a sustainable footing while safeguarding the power, authority, and legitimacy of incumbent managerial elites.
Abstract.
Shaw G (In Press). Elite Solidarity, Social Responsibility, and the Contested Origins of Britain's First Business Schools.
Academy of Management Learning and EducationAbstract:
Elite Solidarity, Social Responsibility, and the Contested Origins of Britain's First Business Schools
Britain is often depicted as a laggard in management education before the late creation of two graduate business schools in London and Manchester in the mid-1960s triggered the emergence of a new academic sector. According to the dominant narrative, the anachronistic views of Britain’s industrial leaders and disdain of its universities for practical learning constrained developments in the field. Through the lens of elite theory, we offer a reinterpretation of the formation of Britain’s first business schools informed by archival research, suggesting that they arose from an evolutionary process rather than a crucible event. The story of the creation of Britain’s first business schools has never been told from the perspective of elite agency. Our study reveals the emergent managerial elite of the post-war era growing into something altogether more powerful. Our main contribution to theory is to demonstrate that, while expanding management education ostensibly contravened elite interests, elite interaction in the field of power at a time of national urgency amplified elite influence, prefiguring their role as ‘influence elites’ today.
Abstract.
2023
Dutt CS, Harvey WS, Shaw G (2023). Exploring the relevance of Social Exchange Theory in the Middle East: a case study of tourism in Dubai, UAE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH,
25(2), 198-220.
Author URL.
DOI.
Li F, Owen R, Shaw G (2023). Framings of innovation, responsibility, and responsible innovation in China: insights from a case study undertaken with Chinese businesses.
Journal of Responsible Innovation,
10(1).
DOI.
Ampountolas A, Menconi G, Shaw G (2023). Metaverse research propositions: Online intermediaries.
Tourism EconomicsAbstract:
Metaverse research propositions: Online intermediaries
One of the sectors with the fastest growth rates worldwide is the hospitality and tourism industry, although the pandemic caused losses and setbacks for the industry. The potential of the metaverse and virtual travel could lead to the emergence of a brand-new sector. Thus, traditional online travel agencies may need to change their utility model in the future to accommodate the new technology. This virtual transformation in the metaverse entails more flexible travel options, customized consumer services, and improved entertainment. The employment of augmented and virtual reality technology in the metaverse may enable seamless interaction between users in real and simulated surroundings. As such future developments in metaverse technology may enable fully immersive experiences. Customers can now get real-time price changes, availability, and promotions bypassing third-party distribution platforms. This research note aims to introduce the metaverse’s enormous potential and to define three research proposals for additional investigation.
Abstract.
DOI.
2022
Barr S, Shaw G (2022). "Getting the summer you deserve": locking-in flying to the tourist experience. In (Ed)
Low-Cost Aviation: Society, Culture and Environment, 213-231.
Abstract:
"Getting the summer you deserve": locking-in flying to the tourist experience
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Shaw G (2022). 14 “Getting the summer you deserve” locking-in flying to the tourist experience. In (Ed)
Low-Cost Aviation, 213-231.
DOI.
Li S, Shaw G (2022). Creative Tourism and Creative Tourists: a Review. In (Ed)
Creative Business Education, 199-219.
DOI.
Maclean M, Shaw G, Harvey C, Stringer G (2022). Methodological Openness in Business History Research: Looking Afresh at the British Interwar Management Movement.
The Business History Review,
96(4), 805-832.
DOI.
2021
Pinos Navarrete A, Shaw G (2021). Spa tourism opportunities as strategic sector in aiding recovery from Covid-19: the Spanish model.
Tourism and Hospitality Research,
21(2), 245-250.
Abstract:
Spa tourism opportunities as strategic sector in aiding recovery from Covid-19: the Spanish model
Spa tourism has been experiencing over the last decades significant changes in its nature. Supply and demand have changed in recent years, impacting on the function of thermal centers in general, and on the use of their base resource, mineral-medicinal water, in particular. Recently, this productive sector has been forced to resituate itself due to the unexpected outbreak of the Covid pandemic whose impacts on the sector are still to be fully calibrated, although it has already halted a large part of economic activity and global flows of people and goods. The present investigation examines the function and potential that spas have as health agents. In the case of Spain, this research note reflects on the opportunities, for a repositioning of this activity in the tourist dynamics that arise during and after a period of crisis.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2021). The role of retailing in the Urban Economy. In (Ed) The Structure of Nineteenth Century Cities, 171-194.
2020
Ampountolas A, Shaw G, James S (2020). Examining the relationships between market indicators and hotel pricing approaches.
Tourism Economics,
27(8), 1591-1614.
Abstract:
Examining the relationships between market indicators and hotel pricing approaches
Hotels are employing revenue management (RM) to improve profitability by efficiently managing the effects of capacity, as well as the effects of performance factors to model consumer behavior. This empirical paper discusses the extent and use of different pricing approaches and their success in this multichannel environment. Do hotels consider the effect of different pricing strategies? We compare the impact of the RM factors on the main pricing techniques and by using a hotel chain scale. Based on a sample of revenue managers’ responses, the results of this study confirm that while traditional pricing techniques are an old applicable approach, they are still used extensively. The empirical results show an association among distribution channels and dynamic pricing (DP) strategies, albeit the relationship is not such robust concerning traditional pricing techniques. From a practical standpoint, hotels would advance consumer-centric strategies to bargain competitive rates in the market. The results indicate that more than half of the respondent properties transact business through a type of opaque mechanism, but not for the luxury category. Empirical analysis by chain scale illustrates that in practice, most companies are adopting different pricing techniques considering the period and the market hurdles. Small chain hotels mainly implemented some form of traditional pricing techniques or the opaque mechanism, while the DP approach is more consistent with large chain hotels. This implies that the current environment of available data on the pricing optimization left of any provision of the consumer’s willingness to pay is challenging and distresses the hotels’ promotion of product segmentation.
Abstract.
DOI.
Maclean M, Shaw G, Harvey C, Booth A (2020). Management Learning in Historical Perspective: Rediscovering Rowntree and the British Interwar Management Movement.
Academy of Management Learning and Education DOI.
Maclean M, Shaw G, Booth A, Pistol R, Witzel M (2020). Seebohm Rowntree and the British interwar management movement. In (Ed)
Handbook of Research on Management and Organizational History.
DOI.
Azmi A, Abdullah A, Nurhidayati SE, Shaw G (2020). Shopping and tourism: a state-of-the-art review.
Hamdard Islamicus,
43(2), 639-655.
Abstract:
Shopping and tourism: a state-of-the-art review
© 2020 Hamdard Foundation Pakistan. All rights reserved. Shopping is a common and enjoyable activity for the tourists while travelling. The relationship between shopping and tourism has been discussed extensively. Despite the numerous researches conducted on shopping tourism, the review in this segment is insufficient and in an early stage of research. This research attempts to expand the understanding of the nature of shopping tourism research. More explicitly, this review paper discusses on the relationship between tourism and retailing with the purpose of looking at the research trends between the years 2016-2019 using meta-analysis. Based on the extensive review and discussion of the related literature, shopping behaviour remains as the main focus of research and most studies were dominated by quantitative methods.
Abstract.
Shaw G, McCabe S, Wooler J (2020). Social tourism in the UK: the role of the voluntary sector as providers in a period of austerity. In (Ed)
Handbook of Social Tourism, 123-138.
Abstract:
Social tourism in the UK: the role of the voluntary sector as providers in a period of austerity
Abstract.
DOI.
Pinos Navarrete A, Shaw G, Martos JCM (2020). Towards wellness? a case study of the profile of tourists visiting a Southern Spanish Spa.
International Journal of Spa and Wellness,
3(1), 40-55.
Abstract:
Towards wellness? a case study of the profile of tourists visiting a Southern Spanish Spa
Traditional spa tourism in Europe is increasingly being redirected to wellness. Spas are going from being medical centres to having a recreational-preventive functionality. In Spain, this new trend is also taking place. However, not all of the country’s spas are this transition complete. Some spas are still heavily dependent on traditional thermalists, with an aging profile, who demand medical treatments for their illnesses. This research analyses the customer profile of the Alhama de Granada spa (Andalusia, Spain). In this way, an understanding of the evolution of demand is obtained, along with the establishing consumer typologies. In short, the challenges of the Spa’s offer for the future are identified in light of the changes that are taking place. The research, in this paper draws upon unpublished data, along with a key interview with the director who is also the spa doctor.
Abstract.
DOI.
2019
Theuma A (2019). Absorptive Capacity in SMEs: a Comparative Study of the Financial and the Tourism Sectors in Malta.
Abstract:
Absorptive Capacity in SMEs: a Comparative Study of the Financial and the Tourism Sectors in Malta
Many modern economies are largely. characterised by knowledge intensive service industries, constantly battling the ferociously competitive business environment. As a result, the management of a firm’s knowledge has become crucial in determining the sustainable competitive success of an organization. This research compares the knowledge management practices of service sector firms, particularly those service sector firms that are knowledge intensive, such as the financial services sector, and those that are less knowledge intensive, such as firms in the tourism sector. The study was conducted using a mixed methodology comprising in-depth face-to-face interviews and a qualitative survey. Structural Equation Modelling has been used to interpret the data collected from the survey.
This study proposes a framework designed specifically to explain the absorptive capacity in service sector SMEs. The framework being presented (figure 9.2, p.404) shows how in small service sector firms, power relationships act as driving factors the internal and external processes and routines of the firm, which, in turn, shape ACAP. This analysis exposes seventeen points of interest, which identifies the Knowledge Management (KM) behaviour of firms in the tourism and in the financial services sectors and reveals eleven convergent practices across both sectors. The study proceeds to identify six divergent KM practices across the industries and a further three points wherein the firms in the financial services sector gave evidence of differing practices amongst themselves. The overarching conclusion from this study, however, is that the behaviour of SMEs is greatly influenced by their size, which, in turn dictates the extent of the influence and control which the owner exercises on the operation
Abstract.
Ampountolas A, Shaw G, James S (2019). Active Learning to Improve Self-Confidence and Decision-Making Skills Through the Use of Hotel Simulation.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education,
31(3), 125-138.
Abstract:
Active Learning to Improve Self-Confidence and Decision-Making Skills Through the Use of Hotel Simulation
This study evaluated the use of hotel simulation learning and how it promotes users’ confidence as a decision-making tool. Given the challenges of preparing students for the service industry, it enables them to make hypothetical decisions based on real-life scenarios. The perceived learning experience can enhance students’ critical thinking ability to manipulate different operational strategies. Data were collected from 202 students who attended hospitality management programs in Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom. A series of regression analyses were conducted to test how confident the students were in their ability to make decisions. This article compares perceived self-confidence and the development of decision-making skills between undergraduate and postgraduate students. The students improved their confidence and thus their decision-making skills relating to day-to-day operations. In addition, confidence was more effectively valued as a relevant norm among undergraduate than postgraduate students in developing critical and analytical decision skills.
Abstract.
DOI.
Binnui A (2019). An Examination of the determinants of entrepreneurship in Thai high technology start-ups.
Abstract:
An Examination of the determinants of entrepreneurship in Thai high technology start-ups
This study advances understanding of the complexity of sustaining growth in high technology-based businesses. The study builds on the conceptual and applied insights on business growth from the entrepreneurship literatures to develop a model. The model is developed to investigate the impact of determinants subsumed under the three key-based factors, entrepreneurship, innovation and firm growth dynamics on the firms’ innovative entrepreneurial activities that might lead to enhanced economic growth
This thesis uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to describe the determinants and test the relationships. The quantitative survey collected data from 521 young Thai start-ups. The qualitative study involved interviews with the CEO/owners of seven high-tech firms in Thailand. The quantitative and qualitative evidence from these firms led to a much stronger explanation of the performance of the high-tech sample.
This thesis has significant theoretical and practical implications. From a theoretical viewpoint, this study provides detailed evaluation on the growth determinants from a developing country perspective. The results shown that the young high-technology firms in Thailand were similar to firms that had been examined in the literature with regard to their characteristics, innovation and firm growth dynamics but differed with regard to the utilisation of the key firm based factors subsumed under the three key-based factors, entrepreneurship, innovation and firm growth dynamics.
From a practical viewpoint, these findings indicate that the competitiveness of young technology-based firms can be enhanced by developing critical capabilities to assist the right strategies for better performance.
The thesis provides important new insights into this group of firms in a developing country. The analysis of the empirical and qualitative results showed the role and impacts of the determinants on the firms’ sustainable growth and highlighted the importance of the managerial ability to dynamically manipulate these key firm based determinants to sustain growth.
Abstract.
Binti Mior Shariffuddin NS (2019). Destination Competitiveness in Perhentian Island, Malaysia: the Role of Image, Experience and Loyalty.
Abstract:
Destination Competitiveness in Perhentian Island, Malaysia: the Role of Image, Experience and Loyalty.
In an increasingly saturated global market, Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) is fundamental for the sustained growth of tourism destinations. It is essential in shaping long-term economic growth, improving community well-being and aiding in attracting investment to the development of a destination. This, however, can be problematic to destinations like small islands, which have limited resources, are environmentally vulnerable and which are economically dependent on international trade. The development of the destination requires a crucial understanding to achieve, enhance and strengthen competitiveness. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between TDC and other main variables such as the quality of tourism experience, Tourism Destination Image (TDI) and tourist loyalty, as well as to develop a theoretical model of destination competitiveness for island destinations based on the tourists’ and stakeholders' perspectives of Perhentian Island, Malaysia.
To achieve its research aim and objectives, this study adopts a sequential, exploratory mixed methods design. Tourism related government agencies were interviewed in the first phase of the qualitative data collection, and 21 attributes of TDC were determined to provide a platform for assessing TDC in the second and third phases of the data collection. In the second phase of the qualitative data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with other tourism stakeholders. The stakeholders highlighted issues and gave recommendations on themes that are the basis for destination and marketing development of the island. The different perspectives, viewpoints and opinions contribute to a niche understanding of destination competitiveness for Perhentian Island.
In the third phase of the quantitative data collection, 213 usable questionnaires were obtained from tourists visiting Perhentian Island. An analysis of the survey data revealed the relative importance of TDC factors in assessing the competitiveness of Perhentian Island and of competing destinations. A comparison of the relative importance of TDC factors between tourists and stakeholders shows the differing priorities set for Perhentian Island. Another statistical analysis also showed 2 dimensions of tourist characteristics namely: (1) number of overnight stays and (2) educational level, which have statistically significant differences and relationships with the importance of quality of tourism experience and TDI respectively. The result indicates that these two variables (quality of tourism experience and TDI) together with tourist loyalty positively influenced the level of destination competitiveness. Moreover, TDC appears to have a mediating effect on the relationship between TDI and tourist loyalty.
This study outcome provides several implications for the development of TDC theory, methods and application of competitiveness to small islands like Perhentian. The study also postulates managerial implications for tourism stakeholders, especially the policymakers and decision-makers, as TDC plays an important role for the development of Perhentian Island. These include the recognition of the core resources and attractors of Perhentian Island that are most appealing to the tourists to enhance destination competitiveness. The result identified attributes that would benefit the tourism stakeholders in promoting the destination.
Abstract.
Bin Azinuddin M (2019). Dynamics of Networking, Knowledge and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Terengganu, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Dynamics of Networking, Knowledge and Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Terengganu, Malaysia
Small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) are a fundamental component in a tourism destination’s development as they are the economic engines of the tourism sector. However, the entrepreneurs running these businesses face the challenge of scale, which leads to the lack of sufficient resources and knowledge in dealing with the competitive and complex tourism business environment. Networks may be crucial for SMTEs as there is empirical evidence from other industries that enterprises have benefited from their use.
Therefore, it is the aim of this thesis to advance knowledge on the characteristics of the entrepreneurs and their SMTEs, as well as to explore the underlying benefits of absorptive capacity derived from the tourism networks for the business performance in the cultural context of Terengganu, Malaysia. A sequential mixed-methods approach was adopted, employing firstly face-to-face questionnaires and then semi-structured interviews. This thesis is considered innovative as it involved four different tourism sub-sectors (hotels and resorts, travel agencies, restaurants and handicrafts), which enables a detailed inter-sectoral comparison in researching the variables of interest. Few if any studies have taken such a detailed comparative approach within tourism studies.
A descriptive analysis of the survey data suggests that the distribution of gender is fairly balanced and distinctiveness of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and SMTEs from the inter-sectoral perspective can be observed in 8 dimensions, namely: (1) level of education, (2) years of working experience inside the tourism sector, (3) years of previous working experience, (4) business training and (5) specific training in tourism, (6) years of business operations, (7) existence of a business plan and (8) annual sales turnover. A qualitative analysis shows that the motivations for the majority of entrepreneurs are based on financial rewards. Employment practices in terms of hiring family members or not differ somewhat between enterprises and sub-sectors.
With these characteristics, the descriptive analysis indicates that entrepreneurs are more inclined towards accessing informal networks – in terms of the scale of the contacts, strength of the relationship and trust and frequency of communication – as compared to the formal networks. Inferential analysis revealed that 7 dimensions of characteristics of entrepreneurs have statistically significant relationships with the importance of formal networks in SMTEs’ learning, notably: (1) formal tourism training, (2) the business plan, (3) years of working in tourism sector, (4) years living in Terengganu, (5) age, (6) capital sources from personal savings and (7) capital from families. This contrasts with the determinants of the importance of informal networks in SMTEs’ learning, where only years of previous working experience was found to be statistically significant.
Building on this, hierarchical regression analyses show that absorptive capacity strongly mediates the relationship between the use of formal networks and one of the dimensions of business performance, which is the business management. Within the relationship between the use of formal networks, absorptive capacity and business management, trust and transformation are the two crucial dynamics that contributed to the significant result. Use of formal networks also appears to have a statistically significant relationship with the annual sales turnover. In this relationship, trust also plays an important role and this is followed by size of the contacts and frequency of communication. For the use of informal networks, no significant relationships are found.
These differences can also be seen in the qualitative interviews. The differences of the both networks lie in their breadth, significance and consistency as the offer of formal networks is considered advantageous compared to informal networks. There are also qualitative differences across the four different sub-sectors in their appreciation of the importance and offer of formal and informal networks. Entrepreneurs are found to be informal when they communicate with others at the individual level, while at the organisational level, the nature of the communications can be both formal and informal within the settings of business and community events.
Overall, this research makes important theoretical contributions to the tourism body of knowledge with the development of a conceptual framework based on the systematic review of the literature that primarily highlights the interlinkages between the characteristics of entrepreneurs and SMTEs, use of formal and informal networks, absorptive capacity, business management and annual sales turnover. Drawing on statistical modelling and qualitative analysis conducted on the four different tourism sub-sectors, a final integrated model is produced. The model is the first of its kind to be based on empirical evidence on the interlinkages between the different variables investigated. It provides a strong platform for further work on networks in Malaysia and beyond.
Abstract.
Shaw G (2019). General editor's preface.
Bailey AR, Alexander A, Shaw G (2019). Queuing as a Changing Shopper Experience: the Case of Grocery Shopping in Britain 1945-1975.
Enterprise and Society,
20, 652-683.
Abstract:
Queuing as a Changing Shopper Experience: the Case of Grocery Shopping in Britain 1945-1975
Queues are part of everyday routine and experienced by most shoppers, yet little attention has been given to providing historical accounts of queuing as a consumer task or as a shopper experience. This paper examines grocery shop queues and the changing experience of shoppers in historical perspective, specifically focusing upon the shift from counter service to self-service grocery formats in Britain from 1945-1975. The paper draws upon a wide range of material utilising evidence from oral histories and witness groups, which are supported by contemporary sources from Mass Observation, newspapers, shopper surveys, trade publications and reports. The conceptual framework developed in the paper explores the public and private dimensions of queues to consider the experiences and perceptions of shoppers during a period of rapid change in the retail grocery system. More generally the paper contributes to our understanding of how management innovations are connected to untraded public values.
Abstract.
DOI.
Wichianrat K (2019). SERVICE QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC TOUR OPERATORS IN THAILAND.
Abstract:
SERVICE QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC TOUR OPERATORS IN THAILAND
The aim of this thesis is to improve the overall service quality provided by domestic tour operators in Thailand. The structure of the analysis is divided into two main sections; the tour operator’s analysis and the tourist’s analysis. The tour operator’s analysis adopted a mixed method approach with a participant-selection design combining a questionnaire survey with interview questions. There were 22 returned questionnaires, and 7 tour operators participated in an in-depth interview. The results proposed the framework of quality management which is divided into two perspectives: the company strategy’s perspective and the service process’s perspective. On the other hand, the analysis of tourists is based the author’s intense systematic review of relevant literature in developing a theoretical model. The 371 completed questionnaires were used to explore which demographic characteristics have influences on service performance and the results presented three factors: the size of the organisation; sector of organisations; and having know tour operator before trip. The subsequent analysis of tourists was in developing a structural equation model and identifying interrelationships between service quality, experience quality, customer satisfaction and behavioural intention. The result indicates that experience quality has a stronger influence on customer satisfaction and customers’ future behavioural intentions than service quality. The thesis demonstrates the two significant theoretical contributions that (1) service quality has becomed the basic requirement of doing busisness meanwhile experience quality has gained more power as its effect on customer retention and (2) social media is a potential technique to enhance tour operator performance customer satisfaction and retention. In addition, the suggestions to the managerial implications of the tour operator are focusing on the experience quality when competing with the rivals accordingly with conformance the business standard of quality.
Abstract.
Azmi A, Ahmad MA, Abdullah A, Shaw G (2019). Shopping in Malaysia: a study of international tourists' experience and expectation.
International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change,
8(4), 199-212.
Abstract:
Shopping in Malaysia: a study of international tourists' experience and expectation
The globalisation of tourism as a major activity has produced increasing demands for new tourist experiences, including the growing importance of shopping. As part of this trend, tourists have a strong interest in enjoying shopping, particularly for luxury items in major retail complexes or purpose-built shopping malls. Increasingly, this link between tourism and retailing is becoming important as a competitive advantage in the international competition of different global tourism destinations. However, few detailed studies have been directed at such experiences as part of the global tourism experience. This qualitative study sought to explore shopping experiences among international tourists in Malaysian shopping malls. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with international tourists visiting several states in Malaysia. The international tourists were interviewed using a mall intercept survey in major shopping complexes in around Malaysia. They were asked to describe their shopping experiences as well as their expectations of visiting the mall. Their experiences and expectations provide a perspective on how international tourists perceive the nature of such shopping experiences. The data were analysed using content analysis. The findings disclose the item suggested for quantitative analysis relating to the shopping experiences of international tourists. This study can be beneficial for mall retailers wishing to capitalize on the international tourist market.
Abstract.
Li F (2019). Situated Framings of Responsible Innovation in a Chinese Context: Case Study of Changsha County.
Abstract:
Situated Framings of Responsible Innovation in a Chinese Context: Case Study of Changsha County
This thesis presents an exploratory interpretive case study that attempts to understand how the notion of Responsible Innovation (RI), originated in the Global North, is perceived and framed in a Chinese context, particularly at a local and grassroots level. Namely, how RI is translated and made sense of in China at such a level and how it should or could be taken forward. To this end, a fieldwork has been conducted in Changsha County, Hunan Province, China in 2015 during which data have been obtained through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, document and field artefacts collection. A novel 3-Tier Analytical Framework inspired by Discourse Analysis (DA) and Actor-network Theory (ANT) has been developed to analyse the empirical data, which implies an experimental methodological venture of this thesis. Findings suggest that in the Chinese context, firstly, the power of discourse in and around innovation and responsibility is manifested in the mobilisation of responses from various societal actors – generated from a powerful actor, the Chinese government, and travelled across various actor-networks enrolled, representing a top-down approach of innovation governance. Secondly, a unique framing of RI in China is that advocating innovation and entrepreneurship itself is a manifestation of RI practice, and that innovating for survival, development, and economic growth is being responsible and is the ‘responsibility imperative’ – the imperative is innovation itself as a meta responsibility, or in other words, responsibility can be regarded as an institution of innovation where the responsibility imperative of innovation is the responsibility to innovate. Finally, China is going through the transitioning process of moving from technology determinism to reflexive modernisation, during which RI has travelled to the field context and served as a provocative term that challenges people’s perception, arouses their contemplation and reflection on the evolving relationship between innovation, responsibility, and the wider society.
Abstract.
Borden DS, Coles T, Shaw G (2019). Social marketing, sustainable tourism, and small/medium size tourism enterprises: challenges and opportunities for changing guest behaviour. In (Ed)
Marketing for Sustainable Tourism, 35-52.
DOI.
Alhomaid A (2019). The effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The study analyses the effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia. There is considerable value in this case study, as it shows the importance of considering local and regional characteristics, as well as gender and other factors, when designing advertisements; this demographic (young female) is becoming increasingly influential and has not previously been adequately studied. The literature relating to this study is based on a concept of advertising as the means to convince the consumer to make purchase decisions – a form of communication designed to influence consumer behaviour towards purchasing a product or service. Using the theory of planned behaviour as its starting point, and based on extensive review of the literature, this study assesses the extent of direct links between advertising and consumer buying behaviour. Another major variable of the study is the role of religion in determining consumer assessment of, and response to, advertising. Saudi Arabian culture is heavily driven by religious considerations, making a fuller understanding of the relationship very valuable. A mixed data-collection approach is used, providing both quantitative and qualitative information. Students from different departments of Alqassim University in Saudi Arabia provide insights via a large questionnaire survey n = 275 and an in-depth interview element with selected participants n = 20.
As well as demonstrating the value of this mixed approach through complementary statistical and thematic analyses, the study is able to provide some generalisable points about consumer behaviour in this demographic group (young female), as well as specific suggestions about how consumers respond to real-life cases of advertisements, and the justifications provided by young female Saudi Arabian consumers for their purchasing decisions. Multiple factors are assessed for their influence on this group’s behaviour, including family income, family size, their university department, age and general attitudes towards online shopping and advertising. This study provides new information about this group, strongly affected by the continuing modernisation and globalisation of Saudia Arabia, including the continuing importance of religion and cultural norms. It also provides a well-designed model for future research into specific consumer-group behaviours.
Abstract.
Alhomaid A (2019). The effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
The effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The study analyses the effect of religion and culture on the consumer behaviour of young females in Saudi Arabia. There is considerable value in this case study, as it shows the importance of considering local and regional characteristics, as well as gender and other factors, when designing advertisements; this demographic (young female) is becoming increasingly influential and has not previously been adequately studied. The literature relating to this study is based on a concept of advertising as the means to convince the consumer to make purchase decisions – a form of communication designed to influence consumer behaviour towards purchasing a product or service. Using the theory of planned behaviour as its starting point, and based on extensive review of the literature, this study assesses the extent of direct links between advertising and consumer buying behaviour. Another major variable of the study is the role of religion in determining consumer assessment of, and response to, advertising. Saudi Arabian culture is heavily driven by religious considerations, making a fuller understanding of the relationship very valuable. A mixed data-collection approach is used, providing both quantitative and qualitative information. Students from different departments of Alqassim University in Saudi Arabia provide insights via a large questionnaire survey n = 275 and an in-depth interview element with selected participants n = 20.
As well as demonstrating the value of this mixed approach through complementary statistical and thematic analyses, the study is able to provide some generalisable points about consumer behaviour in this demographic group (young female), as well as specific suggestions about how consumers respond to real-life cases of advertisements, and the justifications provided by young female Saudi Arabian consumers for their purchasing decisions. Multiple factors are assessed for their influence on this group’s behaviour, including family income, family size, their university department, age and general attitudes towards online shopping and advertising. This study provides new information about this group, strongly affected by the continuing modernisation and globalisation of Saudia Arabia, including the continuing importance of religion and cultural norms. It also provides a well-designed model for future research into specific consumer-group behaviours.
Abstract.
Ampountolas A, Shaw G, James S (2019). The role of social media as a distribution channel for promoting pricing strategies.
Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights,
2(1), 75-91.
Abstract:
The role of social media as a distribution channel for promoting pricing strategies
Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to investigate how using social media (SM) as a tool to influence demand motivates the distribution of different price promotion strategies to encourage consumers to utilize direct bookings, along with how this impacts revenue strategies and profitability. Design/methodology/approach: This study surveyed hotel executives who hold managerial positions and revenue managers with a direct influence on pricing decisions and developed multiple regression analysis models for various pricing approaches. Findings: This study confirms the relationship between distribution channels and dynamic pricing strategies, although the same is not true with respect to traditional pricing techniques. The authors found that the adoption of SM as a strategic tool provides a platform to promote tactical revenue management strategies and to practice differential pricing motives. Originality/value: the findings of the study will help hotel revenue managers to take into account a new way of thinking – namely, an interactive response to consumers’ preferences to improve profitability, based on different pricing methods distributed through SM. In this context, SM has elevated pricing strategies to a new and particularly challenging level.
Abstract.
DOI.
Almubark K (2019). Tourism Policy and Service Quality Management in Business Conference Tourism in Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Tourism Policy and Service Quality Management in Business Conference Tourism in Saudi Arabia
This study assesses tourism policy and service quality management in business and conference tourism in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), examining the capacity of KSA to become an international business conference tourism destination. It considers the factors that could favour or hinder the expansion of the conference industry in (KSA), Research was conducted through mixed methods, the fact that qualitative and quantitative designs complement each other – each covering for the weakness of the other including original data drawn from interviews and questionnaires.
The target respondents are officials from the Saudi Exhibition and Convention Bureau, which is the government organisation responsible for conferences, drawn from the public sector, and staff and managers of tourism companies drawn from the private sector. Understanding these factors is vital to enable stakeholders to address the opportunities and challenges that may emerge. Substantial analysis of the interviews and questionnaires brings out both important recurring themes and specific detail. The personal views of the participants reflect optimism for the sector’s current performance and its prospects in the future. The participants also noted that the continuous increase of the sector’s performance in KSA has been secured mostly due to the government’s support.
It demonstrated that there are several positive factors about KSA that may promote a thriving conference tourism sector. This is contrary to the expectations that global issues such as terrorism, and the negative images they have painted of the Arab world from the Western perspective, which have increased safety concerns for delegates visiting KSA.
A further objective was to analyse the quality of service and its effects on business conference tourism in (KSA). This facilitates the rating of the current condition of facilities used in conference tourism, as well as the status of supporting industries such as hospitality. Respondents in this context include external delegates who use these services and can give a first-hand account of their experiences. From these responses, it was established that that a large percentage of external delegates preferred staying in 4- and 5-star hotels. The fact that these hotels were available for these delegates meant that the hospitality industry in KSA is large enough to accommodate conferences and also that the
level of customer satisfaction that they offer is relatively high. A further objective was to explore the social and political feasibility of KSA developing as a business conference tourism destination. This objective was addressed using the responses of internal conference delegates to evaluate how the social and political characteristics and perceptions of KSA may influence the future conditions of conference tourism in the country. The data gathered shows that there is a close relationship between social and political factors, and the performance of business and conference tourism in KSA. Several elements of the social and political environment have a bearing, not only tourism but also on other sectors in the country
One of these is infrastructure; with appropriate infrastructure, which can only be attained with responsible political planning, the running of many industries will be smooth. This study has established that KSA has the infrastructural capability for hosting international conferences, and its organizational capabilities are good. The themes uncovered have pointed out that the Saudi tradition is significant in the development of Saudi Arabia as a business and conference tourism destination. Culture has been shown to be significant determinant of the sector. It is thus important to consider the cultural attributes that act as obstacles to KSA gaining a position as a business and conference tourism destination, while also noting that the themes have pointed out that several. socio-political challenges surround the development of Saudi Arabia as a business and conference tourism destination.
Abstract.
2018
Cloquet I, Palomino M, Shaw G, Stephen G, Taylor T (2018). Disability, social inclusion and the marketing of tourist attractions.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism,
26(2), 221-237.
Abstract:
Disability, social inclusion and the marketing of tourist attractions
The participation of persons with a disability (PWDs) in tourism has received growing academic interest in recent years. This paper contributes to a reflection on how accessible tourism relates to the sustainable development paradigm. To investigate this relationship, it goes beyond the question of PWDs’ access to tourism services, and adopts an inclusiveness perspective. Inclusion is examined in terms of legislation, marketing and imagery, and representations of PWDs as consumers embedded within social units–and families in particular. These dimensions are explored empirically in a study of visitor attractions in Cornwall (England) based on a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of brochures and websites. The study shows that the marketing materials of Cornish visitor attractions mainly focus on access, and the imagery used largely projects quasi invisibility or provides ambiguous messages. Communication with PWDs rarely addresses the family unit, making the family tourism experience intangible in the pre-trip phase. These results point at weaker implementation of inclusiveness, which corroborates previous findings of watered down definitions of rights to tourism under neo-liberal ideologies and economic crises. The paper discusses implications for social inclusion and highlights avenues for future research.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2018). General editor's preface.
Barr SW, Shaw G, Ryley T, Prillwitz J (2018). Geographies of Transport and Mobility: prospects and challenges in an age of climate change.
Environmental ValuesAbstract:
Geographies of Transport and Mobility: prospects and challenges in an age of climate change
Geographies of Transport and Mobility aims to provide a comprehensive and evidenced account of the intellectual and pragmatic challenges for personal mobility in the 21st Century. In so doing, the book focuses on three devices to introduce readers to the critical debates in transport geography and mobilities research related to climate change. First, Part I provides the necessary context for understanding how personal mobility and the ways in which it relates to everyday living has evolved since the mid-19th Century. This will plot the intricate relationship between new forms of mobile technology, urban planning and design and social practices. Second, Part II will examine how researchers study transport and mobility through an exploration of the different intellectual trajectories of transport geography and its relationship to the mobilities paradigm that has come to dominate some social science disciplines in recent years. In so doing, this second part of the book will focus on two key aspects of personal mobility – the analysis of everyday travel practices and the geographies of tourism and leisure. Third, Part III will outline and discuss the discourse of sustainable mobility that has emerged in recent years and will examine the ways in which social, economic and environmental sustainability can be promoted through different strategies, focusing on the paradigm of behavioural change and then urban design. In this way, the book will aim to build a set of narratives for understanding and analysing personal mobility in the 21st Century and to position mobility within the context of likely major social transformations driven by climate change.
Abstract.
DOI.
Dutt CS, Harvey WS, Shaw G (2018). The missing voices in the perceptions of tourism: the neglect of expatriates. Tourism management perspectives, 26, 193-202.
2017
Shaw G (2017). Allan M. Williams - a life course perspective.
Anatolia,
28(4), 611-616.
DOI.
Borden DS, Shaw G, Coles TE (2017). Consensus building in social marketing campaigns through the Delphi method.
Social Marketing Quarterly, 1-14.
Abstract:
Consensus building in social marketing campaigns through the Delphi method
This article investigates the application of the Delphi method as a tool for building stakeholder consensus on the impact and prioritization of campaign initiatives as applied in a campaign to promote water efficiency behavior. To date, use of the Delphi method has been underutilized and not yet applied to evaluating and prioritizing social marketing initiatives. Ten potential initiatives were developed during previous research, aiming to promote water efficiency in tourism accommodation. A Delphi panel of experts (n=21) in tourism, water, and social marketing evaluated, prioritized, and rated the importance of factors used for prioritizing each initiative. Three initiatives received the greatest level of prioritization and were considered to have the highest effectiveness to reach project goals. In the context of this research, a Delphi consultation was a viable method toward this application. Best practices and limitations unique to the social marketing process are offered to aid future social marketing efforts in applying the Delphi method.
Abstract.
DOI.
Stewart B, Jan P, Tim R, Gareth S (2017).
Geographies of Transport and Mobility. DOI.
Agarwal S, Shaw G (2017).
Heritage, screen and literary tourism.Abstract:
Heritage, screen and literary tourism
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr SW, Shaw G, Preston J (2017). Influencing travel behaviour. In Shaw J, Doherty I (Eds.) The Inside Track: why transport matters and how we can make it better, Routledge.
Borden DS, Coles TE, Shaw G (2017). Social marketing, sustainable tourism, and small/medium size tourism enterprises: challenges and opportunities for changing guest behaviour.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism DOI.
Shaw G (2017). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface. In (Ed) Deconstructing Radical Orthodoxy: Postmodern Theology, Rhetoric and Truth, vii-vii.
Shaw G (2017). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface. In (Ed) From Physick to Pharmacology: Five Hundred Years of British Drug Retailing, vii-vii.
Shaw G (2017). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface.
Shaw G (2017). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface.
Shaw G (2017). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface.
Shaw G (2017). Trends in consumer behaviour and retailing. In (Ed)
Urban and Rural Change in West Germany, 108-129.
Abstract:
Trends in consumer behaviour and retailing
Abstract.
DOI.
Papavasileiou E, Lyons S, Shaw G, Georgiou A (2017). Work values in tourismPast, present and future.
Annals of Tourism Research,
64, 150-162.
Abstract:
Work values in tourismPast, present and future
Although work values are important psychological variables in organisations, little research has been done to clarify the way in which work values are conceptualised. We address the need within the field to understand and engage with wider debates within social science literature by presenting an up-to-date review of work values in tourism research and a synthesis of paradigms pertaining to established value models and theories. We reconceptualise work values as a second-order projection of intrinsic, extrinsic, prestige and social types of values in the work settings of tourism. We then test the conceptual validity of this model through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis using data from Japanese tourism workers.
Abstract.
DOI.
2016
Shaw G, Cloquet I, Cleave P, Tucki A, Custodio MJF, Theuma A (2016). A life-course analysis of older tourists and their changing patterns of holiday behaviour. In Smith MK, Puczko L (Eds.)
The Routledge Handbook of Health Tourism, UK: Routledge, 113-124.
Abstract:
A life-course analysis of older tourists and their changing patterns of holiday behaviour
Abstract.
Barr SW, Shaw G (2016). Knowledge co-production and behavioural change: collaborative approaches for promoting low-carbon mobility. In Higham J, Hopkins D (Eds.)
Low Carbon Mobility Transitions, Goodhfellow Publishing.
Abstract:
Knowledge co-production and behavioural change: collaborative approaches for promoting low-carbon mobility
Abstract.
Shaw G (2016). Series editor’s preface.
Shaw G, Bailey A, Alexander A, Nell D, Hamlett J (2016). The coming of the supermarket: the processes and consequences of transplanting American know-how into Britain. In (Ed) Transformations of Retailing in Europe after 1945, 35-53.
Shaw G (2016).
The history of retailing and consumption General editor’s preface.Abstract:
The history of retailing and consumption General editor’s preface
Abstract.
Shaw G (2016). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface.
Shaw G (2016). The history of retailing and consumption general editor's preface.
Shaw G (2016).
The history of retailing and consumption: General editor's preface. DOI.
2015
Shaw G, Williams A (2015). The Geography of Tourism. In Wright JD (Ed) International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioural Sciences, Oxford: Elsevier, 469-473.
Shaw G (2015). Tourism Networks, Knowledge Dynamics and Co-creation. In McLeod M, Vaughan R (Eds.) Knowledge Networks and Tourism, London: Routledge, 45-79.
Williams AM, Shaw G (2015). Tourism, Geography of. In (Ed)
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition, 469-473.
Abstract:
Tourism, Geography of
Abstract.
DOI.
2014
Shaw G (2014). Entrepreneurial Cultures and Small Business Enterprises in Tourism. In Lew A, Hall MC, Williams AM (Eds.) The Willey Blackwell Companion to Tourism, London: Willey Blackwell, 120-131.
Shaw G, Barr S, Wooler J (2014). The Application of Social Marketing to Tourism. In McCabe S (Ed) The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Marketing, London: Routledge, 54-65.
2013
Shaw G, Williams AM (2013). From Lifestyle Consumption to Lifestyle Production: Changing Patterns of Tourism Entrepreneurship. In (Ed)
Small Firms in Tourism: International Perspectives, 99-114.
DOI.
Markova E, Anna P, Williams AM, Shaw G (2013). Migrant workers in small London hotels: Employment, recruitment and distribution.
European Urban and Regional Studies,
23(3), 406-421.
Abstract:
Migrant workers in small London hotels: Employment, recruitment and distribution
Although migrants dominate employment in many major cities, the reasons for this, and the mechanisms by which they are recruited, are surprisingly under-researched. Focusing on the numerically dominant small hotel sub-sector in a global city, London, the paper first questions whether labour costs or competences are the main drivers of migrant employment, emphasising the difficulties of disentangling the relationships between these. Secondly, it analyses how migrant workers are recruited, and finds less evidence to support the concepts of ethnic queuing and co-ethnic recruitment as opposed to diversified migrant recruitment in the context of the super-diversity of migrant populations in a global city. Finally, it demonstrates that although there are compelling reasons for migrant employment in London’s small hotels, and that this is supported by a number of recruitment practices, they are unevenly distributed across establishments, reflecting the complex nature of migrant employment in a highly diverse sub-sector. The research utilises mixed methods, drawing on a survey of 155 hotel managers and 51 in-depth interviews.
Abstract.
DOI.
Wheeler D, Shaw G, Barr S (2013).
Statistical techniques in geographical analysis, Third edition.Abstract:
Statistical techniques in geographical analysis, Third edition
Abstract.
DOI.
Duval DT, Shaw G (2013).
Student's Guide to Writing Dissertations and Theses in Tourism Studies and Related Disciplines.Abstract:
Student's Guide to Writing Dissertations and Theses in Tourism Studies and Related Disciplines
Abstract.
2012
Shaw G, Agarwal S (2012). CHANGING GEOGRAPHIES OF COASTAL RESORTS: Development processes and tourism spaces. In (Ed)
The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Geographies, 240-247.
Abstract:
CHANGING GEOGRAPHIES OF COASTAL RESORTS: Development processes and tourism spaces
Abstract.
DOI.
Paraskevopoulou A, Markova E, Williams A, Shaw G (2012). Migration and Innovation at the Bottom End: Understanding the Role of Migrant Managers in Small Hotels in the Global City.
Mobilities,
7(3), 389-414.
Abstract:
Migration and Innovation at the Bottom End: Understanding the Role of Migrant Managers in Small Hotels in the Global City
The paper examines the role of international migration and innovation in small hotels through a comparative study of migrant and non-migrant owners and managers in London hotels. The findings show the dependence of the sector on international managers whose contribution to innovation is understood in relation to the global environment of London, sectoral particularities and complex processes of mobility amongst both migrant and non-migrant managers. Although there is only limited evidence of differences in the levels or types of innovation, international migration is significant in the transfer and dispersion of knowledge, and plays a key role in the incremental innovation processes which are essential to innovation performance in the sector. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2012). Preface. In Jessen R (Ed) Transformations of Retailing in Europe after 1945, Routledge.
Lowe MS, Williams AM, Shaw G, Cudworth K (2012). Self-organizing innovation networks, mobile knowledge carriers and diasporas: Insights from a pioneering boutique hotel chain.
Journal of Economic Geography,
12(5), 1113-1138.
Abstract:
Self-organizing innovation networks, mobile knowledge carriers and diasporas: Insights from a pioneering boutique hotel chain
This paper provides insights from the UK's pioneering boutique hotel chain, Hotel du Vin (HduV) to explore the dynamics of self-forming innovation networks within the service sector. In particular, it focuses on HduV's diaspora of spin-off and follow-on enterprises, examining the nature of innovation and creativity, and the significant role of human mobility in knowledge transfer and in the dynamic reconfiguration of such networks. Through the use of participative' research methods and 'close dialogue', it provides a contribution to understanding processes of innovation in an underresearched industry-utilizing the concept of 'diasporas' to encapsulate the temporality and spatiality of those processes. In particular, it explores the various re-uses and re-combinations of the organizational processes and value propositions that defined the innovatory nature of the original chain, showing how those re-combinations were critical to the entrepreneurial nature of the diasporic network which developed around HduV. © the Author (2012). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2012). Shopping centre developments in Toronto. In (Ed)
Shopping Centre Development: Policies and Prospects, 105-125.
DOI.
Shaw G, Bailey A, Alexander A, Nell D, Hamlett J (2012). The coming of the supermarket: the processes and consequences of transplanting American know-how into Britain. , 35-53.
Kivell PT, Shaw G (2012). The study of retail location. In (Ed)
Retail Geography, 95-155.
Abstract:
The study of retail location
Abstract.
DOI.
Thornton PR, Shaw G, Williams AM (2012). Tourist group holiday decision-making and behaviour: the influence of children. In (Ed)
Tourism Management, 21-36.
Abstract:
Tourist group holiday decision-making and behaviour: the influence of children
Abstract.
DOI.
2011
Barr S, Gilg A, Shaw G (2011). 'Helping People Make Better Choices': Exploring the behaviour change agenda for environmental sustainability.
Applied Geography,
31(2), 712-720.
Abstract:
'Helping People Make Better Choices': Exploring the behaviour change agenda for environmental sustainability
This paper examines the emergence of market-orientated approaches to public participation in environmental issues through an exploration of recent empirical research into 'sustainable lifestyles' as a practical tool for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour. Using the notion of 'sustainable lifestyles', current social marketing policies seek to encourage behaviour change amongst citizens by identifying population segments with similar commitments to environmental practices as the basis for behaviour change initiatives. However, the use of static 'lifestyle groups' implies that that citizens replicate sustainable practices across different consumption contexts and this paper explores this line of argument through the use of data collected as part of a recent UK Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) funded research project on sustainable lifestyles and climate change. Through a series of focus group discussions, participants explored notions of sustainable practices using the home and leisure contexts as framing devices to explore issues of environmental responsibility and climate change. The emphasis placed on practices and context reveal that the comfortable notions of environmental responsibility and sustainable consumption in the home are often in conflict with the discourses of consumption reduction associated with climate change in leisure and tourism contexts. In many cases, these 'paradoxes' are explicitly referred to, reflected-upon and discussed by participants who demonstrate that notions of sustainable practice are mediated by practice and spaces of consumption. Accordingly, the paper argues that in conceptualising market-based approaches to behaviour change around the notion of 'sustainable lifestyles', researchers and policy makers need to address the role of context and recognise the importance of consumption spaces and the conflicts that may arise between these. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G, Bailey AR, Williams A (2011). Aspects of service-dominant logic and its implications for tourism management:
Examples from the hotel industry.
Tourism Management,
32(2), 207-214.
Abstract:
Aspects of service-dominant logic and its implications for tourism management:
Examples from the hotel industry
This paper introduces the concept of service-dominant logic as a research paradigm in marketing management. It does so in the context of tourism management’s need to engage with wider debates within the mainstream management literature. Moreover it demonstrates the importance of service dominant logic in uncovering the role played by co-production and co-creation in the tourism industry. These ideas are developed in detail through a case study of the UK hotel industry that draws on new empirical research undertaken by the authors.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2011). Aspects of service-dominant logic and its implications for tourism management: Examples from the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 32(2), 207-214.
Barr S, Gilg A, Shaw G (2011). Citizens, consumers and sustainability: (Re)Framing environmental practice in an age of climate change.
Global Environmental Change,
21(4), 1224-1233.
Abstract:
Citizens, consumers and sustainability: (Re)Framing environmental practice in an age of climate change
Recent moves by national and local policy makers have sought to encourage individuals to engage in a wide range of pro-environmental practices to address both discrete environmental problems and major, global challenges such as climate change. The major framing device for these developments is the notion of 'citizen-consumers', which positions individual ecological responsibilities alongside consumer choice logics in a Neo-liberal socio-economic framework. In the environmental social sciences, there have been recent moves to interpret the citizen-consumer through adopting a social practices approach, which advances the notion that in understanding environmental commitments, a deeper appreciation of underlying norms, values, identity politics and consumption is required to uncover the complex processes that lead to environmental practices in specific contexts. This paper argues that whilst these approaches have considerable utility in tracing the normalisation of established and discrete environmental practices in particular contexts, the issue of climate change represents an independent and over-arching discursive conflict between new and embedded practices that challenges the ability of citizen-consumers to act as agents for change. Accordingly, the data presented in this paper suggest that climate change can be seen as an unsettling and dynamic issue that generates discursive conflict in its own right around fundamental issues of knowledge, responsibility, scale and place. The paper therefore argues that a new and more critical perspective is required within environmental social science to understand (conflicting) discourses of sustainable living between the 'passive' normalisation of conventional environmental practice and the 'contested' ambiguities of climate change. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2011). Disability, representation and access to tourism. In (Ed)
Social Tourism in Europe: Theory and Practice, 145-165.
Abstract:
Disability, representation and access to tourism
Abstract.
DOI.
Nell D, Phillips S, Alexander A, Shaw G (2011). Helping yourself: Self-service grocery retailing and shoplifting in Britain, c. 1950-75.
Cultural and Social History,
8(3), 371-391.
Abstract:
Helping yourself: Self-service grocery retailing and shoplifting in Britain, c. 1950-75
The period between 1950 and 1975 marked a dramatic shift in food retailing in Britain with the introduction of self-service stores and supermarkets. It also witnessed a significant rise in shoplifting, which many contemporary observers blamed on the introduction of self-service retailing. Using material from the retail trade press, newspaper reports, contemporary academic and marketing studies, and the publications of consumer associations, this article reflects on the fractured nature of the public discourse surrounding shoplifting in the early post-war period and looks at the factors that made self-service food retailing such a potentially problematic innovation. We argue that an ambivalence arose because shoplifting was regarded as a 'housewives' crime', and because of some of the specific characteristics of the self-service innovation. The introduction of self-service retailing not only fundamentally altered the relationship between consumers and retailers, and between consumers and goods, but had the effect of throwing into question existing definitions and perceptions of consumer crime. This article will show that there was considerable public debate and disagreement over who was to blame for the sudden surge in the crime, over what could be done to prevent it, and over how to treat those accused and convicted of shoplifting. Some of the ambiguities in public responses to shoplifting evident in our period were witnessed in the earlier experiences of the nineteenthcentury department store. Then, as in the 1950s, public debate on the causes of shoplifting occurred within the context of broader critiques of consumerism.
Abstract.
DOI.
Williams AM, Shaw G (2011). Internationalization and innovation in tourism.
Annals of Tourism Research,
38(1), 27-51.
Abstract:
Internationalization and innovation in tourism
Internationalization and innovation are significant themes in tourism research whose inter-relationship has been largely neglected. Starting from the international economics literature, which focuses mainly on the multinational enterprise, and on knowledge issues, the relationship can be conceptualised in three ways: internationalization is a form of innovation, successful internationalization requires innovation, and internationalization requires firms to have superior knowledge. Turning from this generic literature to the specificities of tourism, two aspects of the simultaneity of production and consumption critically shape internationalization: the requirement for co-presence, and consumer mobility. However, a firm-focussed approach fails to address the changing international environment of the enterprise, especially the increasing importance of global connectivity in relation to entrepreneurs, labour and tourists. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Shaw G, Coles T (2011). Sustainable lifestyles: Sites, practices, and policy.
Environment and Planning A,
43(12), 3011-3029.
Abstract:
Sustainable lifestyles: Sites, practices, and policy
Proenvironmental behaviour change remains a high priority for many governments and agencies and there are now numerous programmes aimed at encouraging citizens to adopt sustainable forms of living. However, although programmes for addressing behaviour change in and around the home are well developed, there has been significantly less attention paid to activities beyond this site of practice. This is despite the environmental implications of consumption choices for leisure, tourism, and work-related activities. Through focusing on sites of practice as a key framing device, this paper uses data from a series of in-depth interviews to identify three major challenges for academics and practitioners concerned with understanding and promoting more environmentally responsible behav- iour. First, attention must shift beyond the home as a site of environmental practice to consider the ways in which individuals respond to exhortations towards 'greener' lifestyles in other high- consumption and carbon-intensive settings, Second, in broadening the scope of environmental practice, policy makers need to revisit their reliance on segmentation models and related social marketing approaches. This is in the light of data that suggest those with strong environmental commitments in the home are often reluctant to engage in similar commitments in other sites of practice. Third, researchers and policy makers therefore need to move beyond the traditional 'siting' of environmental practice towards a spatially sophisticated conceptualisation that accounts for the multiple settings of consumption through mapping the relationships that exist between sites of practice. © 2011 Pion Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Shaw G, Gilg AW (2011). The policy and practice of 'sustainable lifestyles'.
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,
54(10), 1331-1350.
Abstract:
The policy and practice of 'sustainable lifestyles'
This paper explores the rapidly developing research agenda surrounding individual commitments towards the environment, manifested by a series of environmental practices. Such practices encompass a wide range of activities, including energy and water conservation, 'green' consumption and travel and tourism behaviours. Conventionally, researchers have chosen to study such activities individually, exposing the motivations behind specific behaviours. More recent research has suggested that 'spillover' effects (or generalisability) can occur between different types of activity, leading to a notion that a series of sustainable 'lifestyles' can be identified. However, these lifestyles have often been framed around home-based activities and have paid less attention to practices beyond the home environment, particularly travel and tourism behaviours. This paper presents research that explored attitudes towards different forms of environmental practices, both within and beyond the home. Based on a series of focus group discussions with specific lifestyle groups, the paper highlights the contested nature of environmental practice in the UK and argues that whilst most individuals are willing to take steps in the home to be environmentally friendly, this rarely translates to tourism practices and raises questions concerning the viability of 'sustainable lifestyles' as a useful concept for exploring environmental practice. © 2011 University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Shaw G, Coles T (2011). Times for (Un)sustainability? Challenges and opportunities for developing behaviour change policy. A case-study of consumers at home and away.
Global Environmental Change,
21(4), 1234-1244.
Abstract:
Times for (Un)sustainability? Challenges and opportunities for developing behaviour change policy. A case-study of consumers at home and away
This paper examines the assertion that individuals with seemingly high levels of commitment to the environment at home may also be those engaged in less sustainable leisure and tourism behaviours, including a high dependency on air travel. This potential difference in environmental commitments between different consumption settings is placed within the context of recent policy developments that have seen the rise of segmentation as a commonly applied technique used to understand and encourage pro-environmental behaviours through the notion of 'sustainable lifestyles' and social marketing campaigns. Using data derived from a questionnaire of consumers in the UK, three distinctive, empirically-defined 'lifestyle' groups are identified, based on the respondents' environmental behaviours. Significant differences emerged in reported environmental commitments according to their consumption setting. Those with higher levels of commitment in and around the home also tended to be those who flew furthest and most frequently, whilst those with moderate-to-high commitments 'at home' often failed to transfer these activities to their holiday environments. The paper concludes by arguing that both academics and policy-makers need to address the role of different consumption settings in which behaviours are undertaken and the ways in which these relate to underlying social practices within these settings. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Thomas R, Shaw G, Page SJ (2011). Understanding small firms in tourism: a perspective on research trends and challenges.
Tourism Management,
32(5), 963-976.
Abstract:
Understanding small firms in tourism: a perspective on research trends and challenges
Although small firms in tourism have featured on the agendas of policy-makers for several decades, academic interest over the same period has fluctuated. Certainly the flurry of activity that occurred during the early 1990s became a steady flow of somewhat fragmented output rather than the ambitious and coherent programme of research that was anticipated at the time. The paper traces progress in this field by reviewing inter-, multi- and disciplinary studies that contribute to current understanding of small firms in tourism and how this understanding articulates with wider debates within tourism studies. In so doing, it challenges some conventional wisdom and provides an agenda for future research. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Abstract.
DOI.
Denecke D, Shaw G (2011).
Urban Historical Geography Recent Progress in Britain and Germany., Cambridge University Press.
Abstract:
Urban Historical Geography Recent Progress in Britain and Germany
Abstract.
2010
Barr S, Shaw G, Coles T, Prillwitz J (2010). 'A holiday is a holiday': practicing sustainability, home and away.
Journal of Transport Geography,
18(3), 474-481.
Abstract:
'A holiday is a holiday': practicing sustainability, home and away
'Behaviour change' is one of the major concerns for academics and practitioners concerned with tackling climate change. Research amongst tourism geographers has conventionally focussed on the various choices that individuals can make, both before and during their holidays, to reduce environmental footprints, specifically through the use of sustainability criteria. However, whilst there is a developing understanding of the motivations for sustainable tourism practices, there is less appreciation of the relationship tourist practices have to everyday environmental activities in and around the home. This latter issue has been researched extensively by social psychologists and environmental sociologists. Accordingly, the paper will draw upon these two existing bodies of research to argue that a holistic understanding of 'sustainable lifestyles' is needed if effective behavioural change strategies for climate change are to be developed, revealing the complexities of contemporary environmental practices. Using data from a recent British Academy research project, the paper will explore the changing nature of sustainable lifestyles and will demonstrate the relationships between home- and tourism-based environmental practices. The paper will argue that whilst individuals are relatively comfortable with participating in a range of environmental behaviours in and around the home, the transference of these practices to tourism contexts can be problematic. This is particularly the case for high-consumption activities such as low-cost air travel. The paper concludes by arguing that both academics and policy makers need to re-frame their notions of 'sustainable lifestyles', transcending a series of practices and contexts. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (2010). A Long and Winding Road: Developing tourism geographies. In Smith S (Ed) The Discovery of Tourism.
Bailey AR, Shaw G, Alexander A, Nell D (2010). Consumer behaviour and the life course: Shopper reactions to self-service grocery shops and supermarkets in England c.1947-75.
Environment and Planning A,
42(6), 1496-1512.
Abstract:
Consumer behaviour and the life course: Shopper reactions to self-service grocery shops and supermarkets in England c.1947-75
We examine the development of self-service grocery shopping from a consumer perspective. Using qualitative data gathered through a nationwide biographical survey and oral histories, it was possible to go beyond contemporary market surveys which pay insufficient attention to shopping as a socially and culturally embedded practice. We use the conceptual framework of the life course to demonstrate how grocery shopping is a complex activity, in which the retail encounter is shaped by the specific interconnection of different retail formats and their geographies, alongside consumer characteristics and their situational influences. Consumer reactions to retail modernization must be understood in relation to the development of consumer practices at points of transition and stability within the life course. These practices are accessed by examining retrospective consumer narratives about food shopping. © 2010 Pion Ltd and its Licensors.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G, Veitch C (2010). Demographic drivers of change in tourism and the challenge of inclusive products. In (Ed) Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, 160-173.
Veitch C, Shaw G (2010). Disability legislation and empowerment of tourists with disability: the UK case. In (Ed) Accessible Tourism: Concepts and Issues, 62-72.
Shaw G, Coles T (2010). Selling the City: Changes in Urban Tourism within the UK. In (Ed)
Städtetourismus, R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 265-278.
DOI.
Alexander A, Nell D, Bailey AR, Shaw G (2010). The Co-Creation of a Retail Innovation: Shoppers and the Early Supermarket in Britain.
Enterprise and Society,
10, 529-558.
Abstract:
The Co-Creation of a Retail Innovation: Shoppers and the Early Supermarket in Britain
In this paper we examine shoppers’ reactions to the development
of early supermarket retailing in post-war Britain. Positioning our
discussion in relation to multi-disciplinary contributions on the
role of consumers in innovation, we argue that more attention
needs to be given to the shopper’s input in the debate on retail
innovation, including the supermarket. New oral history data
drawn from a nationwide survey is presented in support of our arguments.
Shoppers’ contributions to the supermarket innovation
are shown to be multi-faceted in nature, incorporating processes
of co-production and value creation; processes that were altered
Abstract.
Shaw G, Williams A (2010). Tourism SMEs: Changing research agendas and missed opportunities. In Pearce D, Butler D (Eds.) Tourism Research: a 20:20 vision, London: Goodfellow publishing.
Marcevova K, Coles TE, Shaw G (2010). Young Holidaymakers in Groups: Insights on Decision-making and Tourist Behaviour among University Students.
Tourism Recreation Research,
35(3), 259-268.
Abstract:
Young Holidaymakers in Groups: Insights on Decision-making and Tourist Behaviour among University Students
While holiday behaviours among individual young people have been frequently studied, those among members of groups have been largely overlooked. This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of the determinants of multi-faceted holiday decisions made within travel parties of young people. The findings, which are derived from a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire survey and qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews, revealed that the group is a vital component in how they take holidays. About 97% keep spend holidays accompanied by their parents, friends or partners depending on the age of young person. In this context, the power exerted by young people to influence the final decisions may vary significantly where an individual’s persuasion as well as financial and knowledge resources play an important role. The size of a travel party proved to be a statistically significant variable driving the holiday decision-making process itself. In larger travel parties, one member had a greater influence on holiday decisions and disagreements were experienced more often when compared to smaller groups.
Abstract.
2009
Shaw G, Multiple (2009). At the Edge of Innovation: why shifts in the boundaries of innovation matter. London, Advanced Institute of Managemen EPSRC and ESRC.
Shaw G, Coles T (2009). Conference report.
Urban History,
23(1), 90-92.
DOI.
Williams AM, Shaw G (2009). Future Play: tourism, recreation and landuse.
Land Use and Policy,
26, 326-335.
Abstract:
Future Play: tourism, recreation and landuse
Recent changes in land use for tourism and recreation have been driven by socio-demographic shifts, increases in disposable time and incomes, technological changes, transport developments, and emerging systems of policy and governance. Combined with changes in consumption preferences, these have led to general but differentiated increases in tourism and recreation. Outbound tourism has grown more rapidly than inbound, which has led to some displacement of land use demands. In the case of recreation, there are shifts between at home and outdoor recreation, and changes in the content and location of each. The resulting land use trends can be understood in regional, intra-regional (urban versus rural versus coastal) and temporal terms. Future trends are considered in terms of how this broad set of drivers and the relationships between them are being and are likely to be transformed. (C) 2009 Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All Fights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
Nell D, Alexander A, Shaw G, Bailey A (2009). Investigating Shopper Narratives of the Supermarket in Post-War England 1945-75. Oral History, Spring 2009, 61-73.
Nell D, Alexander A, Shaw G, Bailey A (2009). Investigating Shopper Narratives of the Supermarket in Post-War England, 1945-75. Oral History, 61-73.
Shaw G, Williams AM (2009). Knowledge transfer and management in tourism: an emerging research agenda. Tourism Management, 30(3), 325-335.
Shaw G, Williams AM (2009). Knowledge transfer and management in tourism: an emerging research agenda. Tourism Management, 30(3), 325-335.
Alexander A, Nell D, Bailey AR, Shaw G (2009). The Co-Creation of a Retail Innovation: Shoppers and the Early Supermarket in Britain.
Enterprise & Society,
10(3), 529-558.
Abstract:
The Co-Creation of a Retail Innovation: Shoppers and the Early Supermarket in Britain
In this paper we examine shoppers' reactions to the development of early supermarket retailing in post-war Britain. Positioning our discussion in relation to multi-disciplinary contributions on the role of consumers in innovation, we argue that more attention needs to be given to the shopper's input in the debate on retail innovation, including the supermarket. New oral history data drawn from a nationwide survey is presented in support of our arguments. Shoppers' contributions to the supermarket innovation are shown to be multi-faceted in nature, incorporating processes of co-production and value creation; processes that were altered in the transition from counter-service to self-service retail environments. Shoppers' discussions of such alterations were frequently structured around four aspects of interaction; with the physical environment of the store, with the goods for sale, with other shoppers and with shop staff. Whilst increasingly part of 'ordinary consumption' routines, the data highlights that in the switch to the supermarket, shopping became a more reflective activity and one that resulted in a variety of experiences and emotions.
Abstract.
DOI.
2008
Barr SW, Shaw G, Coles T, Prillwitz J (2008). 'A holiday is a holiday’: practicing sustainability, home and away. RGS-IBG.
Shaw G, Alexander A (2008). British Co-operative Societies as retail innovators: interpreting the early stages of the self-service revolution. Business History, 50, 62-78.
Shaw G, Alexander A (2008). Erratum: British co-operative societies as retail innovators: Interpreting the early stages of the self-service revolution (Business History (2008) vol. 50 (1) 67 10.10/007679701785623).
Business History,
50(2), 251-252.
DOI.
Hamlett J, Bailey A, Alexander A, Shaw G (2008). Ethnicity and Consumption: South Asian food shopping Patterns in Britain 1947-75. Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(1), 91-116.
Hamlett J, Bailey A, Alexander A, Shaw G (2008). Ethnicity and Consumption: South Asian food shopping Patterns in Britain, 1947-75. Journal of Consumer Culture, 8(1), 91-116.
Hamlett J, Bailey AR, Alexander A, Shaw G (2008). Ethnicity and Consumption: South Asian food shopping patterns in Britain, 1947–75.
Journal of Consumer Culture,
8(1), 91-116.
Abstract:
Ethnicity and Consumption: South Asian food shopping patterns in Britain, 1947–75
This article reviews the literature that explores the relationship between ethnic
identities and food consumption, with particular reference to business management
studies. It focuses on the food shopping practices of south Asians in Britain in the
period 1947 to 1975, to illustrate the need for more historically contextualized studies
that can provide a more nuanced exploration of any interconnections between ethnic
identity and shopping behaviour. The article draws on a reasonably long-standing
interest in ethnicity and consumption in marketing studies, and explores the
conceptual use of acculturation within this literature. The arguments put forward are
framed by recent interdisciplinary studies of the broader relationship between
consumption and identity, which stress the importance of contextualizing any
influence of ethnic identifications through a wider consideration of other factors
including societal status, gender and age, rather than giving it singular treatment. The
article uses a body of empirical research drawn from recent oral histories, to explore
how these factors informed everyday shopping practices among south Asians in Britain. It examines some of the shopping and wider food provisioning strategies
adopted by early immigrants on arrival in Britain. It considers the interaction between
the south Asian population and the changing retail structure, in the context of the
development of self-service and the supermarket. Finally, it demonstrates how age,
gender and socioeconomic status interacted with ethnic identities to produce
variations in shopping patterns.
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Gilg A, Shaw G (2008). Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle: a social marketing approach. In Krishna SJ (Ed) Social Marketing for Social Change: Perspectives and Experiences, Icfai University Press.
Barr S, Gilg A, Shaw G (2008). Promoting Sustainable Lifestyle: a social marketing approach. In Krishna SJ (Ed) Social Marketing for Social Change: perspectives and experiences, Icfai University Press, 65-77.
Hamlett J, Alexander A, Bailey A, Shaw G (2008). Regulating UK Supermarkets: an oral history perspective. History and Policy
Alexander A, Phillips S, Shaw G (2008). Retail Innovation and Shopping Practices: consumers' reaction to self-service retailing. Environment and Planning A, 40(9), 2204-2221.
Alexander A, Phillips S, Shaw G (2008). Retail innovation and shopping practices: Consumers' reactions to self-service retailing.
Environment and Planning A,
40(9), 2204-2221.
Abstract:
Retail innovation and shopping practices: Consumers' reactions to self-service retailing
In this paper we address the related issues of retail innovation, changing shopping practices, and shopping geographies. We do so in relation to the spread of self-service grocery stores, and particularly the supermarket, in the postwar retail environment of Britain (1950-70), arguing that this juncture provides a propitious opportunity to study the relationship between changing practices of retailing and consumption. We highlight shoppers' selective adoption of new self-service formats in relation to certain product categories and argue that this can be explained in part by reference to the socially embedded nature of women food shoppers' behaviours and in particular the influence of contemporary notions of the 'good housewife'. We support our argument by reference to a wide range of contemporary documentary material relating to postwar shopping including market research reports, the publications of local consumer groups, and selected retailer and government archive sources. © 2008 Pion Ltd and its Licensors.
Abstract.
DOI.
Barr S, Shaw G (2008). Understanding and Promoting Behaviour Change Using Lifestyle Groups. In Reddy S (Ed) Green Consumerism: approaches and Country experiences, Icfai University Press.
2007
Agarwal S, Shaw G (2007). Conclusion: Future implications for the development and management of coastal resorts. In (Ed) Managing Coastal Tourism Resorts: a Global Perspective, 270-284.
Shaw G, Agarwal S (2007). Introduction: the Development and Management of Coastal Resorts. In Agarwal S, Shaw G (Eds.) , Channel View, 1-21.
Shaw G, Agarwal S (2007). Introduction: the development and management of coastal resorts: a global perspective. In (Ed) Managing Coastal Tourism Resorts: a Global Perspective, 1-18.
Agarwal S, Shaw G (2007). Managing Coastal Tourism Resorts: a Global Perspective., Channel View Publications.
Agarwal S, Shaw G (2007).
Preface and acknowledgements. DOI.
Agarwal S, Shaw G (2007). Re-engineering Coastal Resorts in Mexico: some management issues. In (Ed) Managing Coastal Tourism Resorts, Channel View, 216-234.
Shaw G, Coles T (2007). The Resort Economy: Changing Structures and Management Issues in British Resorts. In Agarwal S, Shaw G (Eds.) Managing Coastal Tourism Resorts, Channel View, 40-56.
2006
Shwa G, Curth L, Alexander A (2006). Creating New Spaces of Food Consumption: the Rise of Mass Catering and the Activities of the Aerated Bread Company. In Benson J, Ugolini L (Eds.) Cultures of selling, Ashgate Pub Co, 81-102.
Shaw G (2006). Disability legislation and the empowerment of tourists with disabilities in the United Kingdom. In (Ed)
Tourism, Power and Space, 83-100.
DOI.
Shaw G, Alexander A (2006). Interlocking directorates and the knowledge transfer of supermarket retail techniques from North America to Britain.
The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research,
16(3), 375-394.
DOI.
Shaw G, Alexander A, Benson J, Jones J (2006). Structural and Spatial Trends in British Retailing: the Importance of Firm-Level Studies.
Business History,
40(4), 79-93.
DOI.
2005
SHAW G, VEITCH C, COLES TIM (2005). ACCESS, DISABILITY, AND TOURISM: CHANGING RESPONSES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
Tourism Review International,
8(3), 167-176.
DOI.
Shaw G, Veitch C, Coles T (2005). Access, Disability and Tourism: Changing responses in the UK. Tourism Review International, 8, 167-177.
Shaw G, Alexander A, Phillips S (2005). Consumer Misbehavior: the Rise of Self-Service Grocery Retailing and Shoplifting in the United Kingdom c. 1950-1970.
Journal of Macromarketing,
25(1), 66-75.
DOI.
Shaw G (2005). Lifestyles and Changes in Consumption the British Experience. In Reuber P, Schnell P (Eds.) Postmoderne Freizeitstile und Freizeitraume, 21-46.
Alexander A, Shaw G, Curth L (2005). Promoting retail Innovation: Knowledge flows during the emergence at self-service and supermarket retailing in Britain. Environment and Planning A, 37(5), 805-821.
Shaw G, Alexander A, Curth L (2005). Promoting retail innovation: knowledge flows during the emergence of self-service and supermarket retailing in Britain.
Environment and Planning A,
37(5), 805-821.
DOI.
Shaw G, Coles T (2005). Selling the City: Urban Tourism Within the UK. Stadtetourismus, 265-278.
Rodway-Dyer S, Shaw G (2005). The Effects of the Foot-and-Mouth Outbreak on Visitor Behaviour: the case of Dartmoor National Park, South-West England. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13(1), 63-81.
Shaw G (2005). Transferring a Retail Innovation: the early stages of Supermarket Development in Post-War Britain. Economic History Yearbook 2005, 2005/2, 57-70.
2004
Shaw G, Coles T (2004). Disability, Holidaymaking and the Tourism Industry in the UK. Tourism Management, 25, 397-403.
Shaw G (2004). Entrepreneurial Cultures and Small Business Enterprise in Tourism. In (Ed) Blackwells Companion to Tourism, Blackwells, 122-134.
Shaw G, Williams A (2004). From Lifestyle Consumption to Lifestyle Production: new forms of tourism entrepreneurship. In Thomas R (Ed) Tourism Entrepreneurship, Cabi, 99-113.
Shaw G, Williams A, Dinan C (2004). Resort Europe: sustainable tourism, problems and prospects. In Mather A (Ed) Sustainable Issues in Europe, UNEP, 58-67.
Shaw G, Alexander A, Curth L (2004). Selling Self-Service and the Supermarket: the Americanisation of Food Retailing in Britain, 1945-1960.
Business History,
46(4), 568-582.
DOI.
Shaw G, Curth L, Alexander A (2004). Selling Self-service and the Supermarket: the Americanisation of the Food Retailing in Britain 1945-1960. Business History, 46, 568-580.
Wheeler D, Shaw G, Barr S (2004). Statistical Techniques in Geographical Analysis., Fulton.
Shaw G, Williams A (2004). Tourism and Tourism Spaces., Sage Publications.
2003
Alexander A, Shaw G, Hodson D (2003). Regional Variations in the Development of Multiple Retailing in England. In Bensons J, Ugolini L (Eds.) A Nation of Shopkeepers, IB Tauris, 127-154.
Coles T, Shaw G (2003). Strategy and tactics at the tourist-resident interface: Lessons for sustainable tourism management from the World Heritage city of Bath.
Tourism,
51(2), 165-176.
Abstract:
Strategy and tactics at the tourist-resident interface: Lessons for sustainable tourism management from the World Heritage city of Bath
This paper reports on research into local residents' attitudes to tourism and tourists, and their tactics towards consuming town centre spaces during peak season. Recent advances in sustainable tourism research have extolled a collaborative approach to tourism planning in which heterogeneity and plurality among the community more widely and local residents in particular are incorporated within solutions and visions. As valid as these approaches are, the results presented here suggest that a further, key facet of differentiation has to date been largely overlooked. While feelings among local residents to tourism and tourists have been routinely recorded on broad attitudinal scales, it is critical that the recognition of diversity among local residents, and its incorporation into the tourism planning process, extends further to address activity patterns. Such behaviours are vital if probable trajectories and outcomes of future tourism development are to be accurately appraised, especially in urban contexts.
Abstract.
2002
Shaw G, Curth L, Alexander A (2002). A New Archive for the History of Retailing. Business Archives, Sources and History, 84, 29-38.
Shaw G, Williams A (2002). Critical Issues in Tourism., Blackwells.
Shaw G, Hudson P (2002). Edge of Empire: transnationalism and identity in Wellington, New Zealand. Landscape Research, 27(1), 51-66.
Curth L, Shaw G, Alexander A (2002). Streamlining shopping. History Today, 52(11).
Curth L, Shaw G, Alexander A (2002). Streamlining shopping - How the British supermarket was born. History Today, 52(11), 34-35.
Coles T, Shaw G (2002). Tourism, Tourists and Local Residents: Management Implications for the World Heritage City of Bath. In (Ed)
City Tourism 2002, Springer Nature, 230-240.
DOI.
2001
Williams AM, Shaw G (2001). Tourism, Geography of. In (Ed)
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 15800-15803.
DOI.
2000
Shaw G, Alexander A (2000). Retail Change in the late Twentieth Century. In Kain M, Ravenhill W (Eds.) Historical Atlas at South West England, University of Exeter Press.
Shaw G, Alexander A, Benson J (2000). The Evolving Culture of Retailer Regulation and the Failure of the Balfour Bill. Environment and Planning A, 32, 1977-1989.
Agarwal S, Ball S, Shaw G, Williams A (2000). The geography of tourism production: uneven disciplinary development?. Tourism Geographies, 2(3), 241-263.
Shaw G, Agarwal S, Bull P (2000). Tourism consumption and tourist behaviour: a British perspective. Tourism Geographies, 2(3), 264-286.
Shaw G (2000). Victorian Dundee: Image and realities. Urban History, 27(3), 402-404.
1999
Alexander A, Benson J, Shaw G (1999). Action and reaction: Competition and the multiple retailer in 1930s Britain.
International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,
9(3), 245-259.
Abstract:
Action and reaction: Competition and the multiple retailer in 1930s Britain
This paper considers aspects of the competition between multiple and independent retailers in 1930s Britain. In particular, it explores how multiple retailers used spatial competition for economic advantage, and how the independent retailers reacted. The paper argues that multiple retailers contested and reshaped retail space in three critical and interrelated areas: locational space, store space and perceptual space. Evidence of this contestation and reshaping is drawn from a detailed reading of the trade press. The paper concludes that the spatial competition of the multiple retailers in this period was disruptive in nature, and that the optimistic nature of the arguments and the rhetoric put forward by the trade journals acting for the independents cannot disguise a deep-seated despair at how to react to this type of competition. © 1999, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Abstract.
DOI.
Alexander A, Shaw G (1999). Guest editorial. Contesting retail space. Competition in the retail trades, 1870-1960.
International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research,
9(3), 223-224.
DOI.
Shaw G (1999). Stuart Hylton, Reading: the 1950s. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1997. vii + 120pp. Illustrations. £9.99.
Urban History,
26(3), 413-440.
DOI.
1997
Coles T, Shaw G (1997). A sign of the times: Scandinavian town directories as sources for urban historical geography.
Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography,
79(2), 65-81.
Abstract:
A sign of the times: Scandinavian town directories as sources for urban historical geography
The position of town and trade directories as sources for the reconstruction of former urban geographies of Scandinavia is discussed. Scandinavian directories have a long history which, in the case of major urban centres, can be traced back to the eighteenth century. They contain valuable information with respect to the social, economic, political and demographic organization of modern Scandinavian urban environments through extensive listings of names and addresses. Despite the wealth of information contained therein, directories remain an underused and unresearched data source due mainly to their perceived incompatibility with the themes pursued by research in urban historical geography and the diversity of alternative high quality sources available. Admittedly, the use of directories is not without problems and an assessment of the accuracy, availability and reliability of directory information is presented in this paper. Nevertheless, to dismiss directories represents a serious oversight: the continued history, rapid rate of update and spatial ubiquity of publication across the region after the onset of industrialization make directories a powerful source for comparative urban historical geography research in Scandinavia. Moreover, directories are highly versatile data sources and represent powerful artefacts of modernity insofar as they function as mirrors of cultural change and consumption.
Abstract.
DOI.
Coles T, Alexander A, Shaw G (1997). Following the script: Optical Character Recognition Technology and the British Town and Trade Directory.
History and Computing,
9(1-3), 1-16.
Abstract:
Following the script: Optical Character Recognition Technology and the British Town and Trade Directory
Directories are a universal data source widely used in urban historical research. This paper reports on a series of experiments to explore the applicability of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology as a means of mass directory data entry.
Abstract.
DOI.
Thornton PR, Williams AM, Shaw G (1997). Revisiting time-space diaries: an exploratory case study of tourist behaviour in Cornwall, England.
Environment and Planning A,
29(10), 1847-1867.
Abstract:
Revisiting time-space diaries: an exploratory case study of tourist behaviour in Cornwall, England
In this paper we examine the potential contribution of time-space diaries to the analysis of tourism behaviour. We pay particular attention to how such diaries can provide insights into activities and tourism activity spaces which are not available from tourism 'snapshot' questionnaire surveys. These arguments are illustrated by the results of a time-space diary survey undertaken in Newquay, Cornwall, with which we explore differences in activities and activity spaces related to the types of accommodation used, occupational and family structures, diurnal and intradiurnal variations.
Abstract.
Thornton PR, Shaw G, Williams AM (1997). Tourist group holiday decisionmaking and behaviour: the influence of children.
Tourism Management,
18(5), 287-297.
Abstract:
Tourist group holiday decisionmaking and behaviour: the influence of children
This paper examines the influence children have on the behaviour of tourist parties while on holiday, it argues that the role of children has been under-researched and under-valued, a diary based space-time budget survey was used to collect information on the activities of 143 tourist parties staying in Cornwall, England, for a period of at least one week, the paper stresses the role of group decisions in purchasing tourism products while on holiday and the contrasting needs of two or more generations. Children were found to influence the behaviour of tourist parties either through their physical needs (e.g. arrangement of meal times, need for sleep) or through their ability to negotiate,vith parents. The results suggest the need for theories sensitive to the influence of group decision-making and the ability of children to influence group behaviour. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Abstract.
1995
Shaw G, Coles T (1995). Directories as elements of town life - the case of National Socialist Germany.
Geographical Journal,
161, 296-306.
Abstract:
Directories as elements of town life - the case of National Socialist Germany
The position of town directories as sources in urban geography is discussed here. Traditionally attention has focused on their use in studies of social or commercial change in urban environments, and making use of the extensive listings of names and addresses contained therein. They are, however, far more versatile sources than this and provide excellent information on political and cultural change. Directories were often compiled not just with an administrative or commercial role in mind but to broadcast a particular image of society to the outside world. Perhaps nowhere is this more clearly illustrated than in Germany in the National Socialist period where directories were used as instruments of propaganda and social control. Concerted, and often quite subtle, efforts were made by the NSDAP through directories to cultivate a new image of society, one which was closely tied to their ideology. Moreover, when viewed against Hitler's town building programme, directory evidence casts it in a different light as one interested as much in projected image as urban regeneration.
Abstract.
Shaw G, Coles T (1995). European directories: a universal source for urban historians.
Urban History,
22(1), 85-102.
DOI.
WILLIAMS AM, SHAW G (1995). TOURISM AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: POLARIZATION AND NEW FORMS OF PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM.
Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie,
86(1), 50-63.
Abstract:
TOURISM AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: POLARIZATION AND NEW FORMS OF PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
The role of tourism in uneven regional development is under‐researched. This article considers three conceptual issues ‐ spatial and temporal polarization, and restructuring ‐ which have important implications for uneven regional development. These are then investigated empirically in a case study of the UK, using indicators of tourism demand and of employment. One of the principal findings is that the restructuring and the internationalization of demand have led to a relative shift in favour of the core regions. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
Abstract.
DOI.
1994
Borsay P, Brown C, Shaw G (1994). MorrisJonathan, the Political Economy of Shopkeeping in Milan, 1886–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. xv + 312pp. 44 figures. 21 tables. Bibliography £37.50, $64.95.
Urban History,
21(1), 180-181.
DOI.
1992
Shaw G (1992). Culture and Tourism: the Economics of Nostalgia.
World Futures,
33(1-3), 199-212.
Abstract:
Culture and Tourism: the Economics of Nostalgia
: the heritage industries have been criticized for their commodification of culture and, more specifically, as being history-making businesses. At the same time it is increasingly being recognized that tourism can contribute to the regeneration of local economies. The background to the debate on the relative merits of the ‘economics of nostalgia’ is a strong growth of the heritage industries in the UK and elsewhere in recent years. Open air museums, loosely-based on North American models, have become particularly important as means of interpreting and selling the past. This has been recognized and often supported by public policy. Following a general review of the UK situation, the paper proceeds to a detailed case study of the Ironbridge Museum. It has contributed economic and environmental benefits. There are also significant cultural gains although this is accompanied by a commodification of the past. There are also secondary and longer term effects, as well as extreme localization of the positive effects. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G (1992). Growth and Employment in the UK's Culture Industry.
World Futures,
33(1-3), 165-180.
Abstract:
Growth and Employment in the UK's Culture Industry
: There has been a growing interest in the possibility that investment in culture for consumption can make significant contributions to economic growth, particularly in economically depressed urban and industrial environments. This paper considers the available evidence from the UK relating to these issues. First, the culture industries are defined. Then, an attempt is made to estimate the structure and size of the UK culture industries: of particular importance are the interlinkages between the public and private sectors. This leads to an assessment of the changing economic importance of the culture industries. In addition to overall growth, the regionally uneven impact of development of the culture industries is also noted. A more detailed analysis of the relationship between culture and development is provided by a number of case studies. These highlight the complexity of the relationship and the importance of avoiding facile policy generalization. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G, Williams A (1992). Tourism and tourist cultures in Europe - a review of recent research. American Behavioral Scientist, 36(2), 155-171.
1991
Williams AM, Shaw G (1991). Tourism and economic development: Western European experiences. 2nd edition.
Tourism and economic development: Western European experiences. 2nd editionAbstract:
Tourism and economic development: Western European experiences. 2nd edition
This revised edition of a book first published in 1988 provides a detailed study of the industry and its contribution to economic development. The first two review chapters are followed by 11 country case studies, with a concluding chapter on tourism policies in a changing economic environment. The countries examined are Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Switzerland, Austria, the UK, France, the FRG, the Netherlands and Norway within Scandinavia as a whole. The case studies are modelled on similar formats covering recent changes in domestic and foreign tourism, seasonal and regional concentration, economic implications of tourism development, and tourism policies. -after Publisher
Abstract.
1990
Shaw G (1990). Book reviews.
The International Review of Retail Distribution and Consumer Research,
1(1), 119-120.
DOI.
Greenwood J, Williams AM, Shaw G (1990). Policy implementation and tourism in the UK. Implications from recent tourism research in Cornwall.
Tourism Management,
11(1), 53-62.
Abstract:
Policy implementation and tourism in the UK. Implications from recent tourism research in Cornwall
Examination is made of the economic role of tourist attractions. Drawing on the author's survey of tourism-related establishments in Cornwall, UK, a greater level of economic dynamism was found in the tourist attraction sector when compared to the accommodation sector. This former sector was found to make a major contribution to the economy of the area studied, although it was marked by a considerable degree of diversity. Attention is directed to the difficulties of harnessing these economic energies by applying the tools of policy analysis. Using the concept of 'policy chains', the difficulties of meeting governmental and 'private governmental' policy objectives are highlighted, focusing attention on the importance of implementation processes of policy. © 1990.
Abstract.
DOI.
Shaw G, Williams A, Greenwood J (1990). UK visitor survey.
Tourism Management,
11(3), 247-251.
Abstract:
UK visitor survey
This case study deals with the much neglected topic of visitor survey methodology, set within the general framework of the needs of local and regional tourism industries. Gareth Shaw and Allan Williams of the University of Exeter, and Justin Greenwood of Teesside Polytechnic explore the shortcomings of national based surveys for local needs using the example of Cornwall. They also address the importance of undertaking regular visitor surveys and the difficulties of constructing a longitudinal survey. © 1990.
Abstract.
DOI.
1988
Slater T, Shaw G (1988). Historical geography and conservation planning in British towns.
Urban historical geography, 297-314.
Abstract:
Historical geography and conservation planning in British towns
The case studies of Stratford-on-Avon and Exeter highlight the importance and impact that commercial change has on historic townscapes. Much of the pressure on listed buildings has recently been generated by large retail developers. In the present economic climate, the survival of many historic buildings in city centres depends on their having a viable commercial future. -after Authors
Abstract.
Shaw G (1988). Recent research on the commercial structure of nineteenth-century British cities.
Urban historical geography, 236-249.
Abstract:
Recent research on the commercial structure of nineteenth-century British cities
Both structural and distributional changes in British retailing were occurring throughout the century. There were rapid rates of shop development in all British cities, and a trend towards the suburbanisation of shops even before the major developments in transport. -after Author
Abstract.
Shaw G, Williams A, Greenwood J (1988). Tourism and economic development: Policy implications from a case study of cornwall.
Planning Practice & Research,
3(5), 5-11.
DOI.
1987
Shaw G, Williams A, Greenwood J (1987). Comparative studies in local economies: the Cornish case ( tourism).
Built Environment,
13(2), 73-84.
Abstract:
Comparative studies in local economies: the Cornish case ( tourism)
Reviews recent work on the role of tourism in local economies and highlights the importance of taking a broader view than merely examining employment multipliers. Many of the detailed points are based on the findings of the Cornish Tourism Research Project. This is directed at exploring inter-sectoral links and variations in employment within contrasting local economies. -Authors
Abstract.
Shaw G, Williams A (1987). Firm formation and operating characteristics in the Cornish tourist industry - the case of Looe.
Tourism Management,
8(4), 344-348.
Abstract:
Firm formation and operating characteristics in the Cornish tourist industry - the case of Looe
G. Shaw and A. Williams, of Exeter University's Geography Department, examine the organization of the tourism industry in the county of Cornwall, UK, taking the town of Looe in south-east Cornwall as a specific example. Factors considered include the way in which tourism businesses are set up, how they obtain their start-up capital and the types of person involved. © 1987.
Abstract.
DOI.
1986
Howcroft B, Lavis J, Shaw G (1986). A Strategic Perspective on Delivery Systems in UK Retail Banking.
The Service Industries Journal,
6(2), 144-158.
Abstract:
A Strategic Perspective on Delivery Systems in UK Retail Banking
The pre-eminence of the bank branch as an effective delivery system arose from the difficulties associated with marketing financial services. The branch provides a highly efficient mechanism for administering, collecting and delivering cash as well as a wide range of lending and ancillary services. Historically, branch networks arose to attract cheap retail deposits through the convenience of the branch location itself and through branch-based payment systems. Indeed, the relationship between the customer and the branch underpins the whole banking process. However, the branch's exclusive function is tenable only so long as the assumptions and conditions that determined its historical position hold good. These assumptions are that the market will continue to respond to it, that it will remain the basis for patterns of competitive behaviour and that more effective and economic delivery systems will not emerge. This article presents the view that these assumptions are in fact being undermined, particularly by innovations in technology, which will necessitate a complete rethink of future strategy in retail branch banking. In recent years attempts have been made to promote superstores as district centres or focused centres'. This article reviews ideas about the retail hierarchy and shopping centres developed in British planning and, from a recent survey of Exeter, examines differences between the use of superstores and district centres and the utilisation of non-retail facilities. It seems clear that superstore developments fall well outside the traditional concepts of district centres, and their role needs careful examination. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
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Chalkley B, Dunkerley D, Gripaios P, Shaw G, Williams A (1986). Recent economic, social and policy developments in the Plymouth travel-to-work-area.
Global restructuring local response, 25-33.
Abstract:
Recent economic, social and policy developments in the Plymouth travel-to-work-area.
Outlines some of the major recent changes in the Plymouth area using three core themes - economic restructuring; social and cultural patterns; and the role of the local state which, although inter-related, it is useful to consider separately. -Authors
Abstract.
Shaw G (1986). Retail patterns.
Atlas of industrializing Britain 1780-1914, 180-184.
Abstract:
Retail patterns.
A series of maps and accompanying commentary exemplifying the geography of Britain during the Industrial Revolution and focusing on evolution of shopping areas in London and Hull, location of growing markets, itinerant traders, co-op society members, and multiple grocers.-T.Hoare
Abstract.
Shaw G (1986). Superstores as District Shopping Centres.
The Service Industries Journal,
6(2), 159-171.
Abstract:
Superstores as District Shopping Centres
recent years attempts have been made to promote superstores as district centres or ‘focused centres'. This article reviews ideas about the retail hierarchy and shopping centres developed in British planning and, from a recent survey of Exeter, examines differences between the use of superstores and district centres and the utilisation of non-retail facilities. It seems clear that superstore developments fall well outside the traditional concepts of district centres, and their role needs careful examination. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Abstract.
DOI.
1984
Shaw G (1984). Directories as Sources in Urban History: a Review of British and Canadian Material.
Urban History,
11(NA), 36-44.
DOI.
1983
Shaw G (1983). Trends in consumer behaviour and retailing ( West Germany).
Urban and rural change in West Germany, 108-129.
Abstract:
Trends in consumer behaviour and retailing ( West Germany).
Since the 1950s, changes in methods of retailing have been on such a scale that not only have they transformed the distributive sector of the economy, they have also exerted far-reaching influences on its spatial distribution. The new methodology has stemmed from a virtual revolution in retail technology and organisation, fostered by the interaction of several general economic and social trends. Never entirely free of conservative influences, the interventionist effect of West German public policy has been the most prominent. -after Author
Abstract.
1982
Shaw G (1982). British directories as sources in historical geography ( eighteenth and nineteenth centuries).
Historical Geography Research Series,
8Abstract:
British directories as sources in historical geography ( eighteenth and nineteenth centuries).
Having described the development of British directories and the rise of large-scale directory publishers, and assessed the spatial and temporal coverage during the 18th and 19th centuries, the author appraises their reliability and value in urban historical geography. -J.Sheail
Abstract.
Shaw G (1982). Planning for Retail Change: a Community Response.
Service Industries Review,
2(3), 47-56.
Abstract:
Planning for Retail Change: a Community Response
During the last decade a continuing theme in retail planning has been the controversy over the impact of hypermarkets and superstores. This concern had led to a number of so called Impact studies which have come to dominate much of the recent work on retail planning. Unfortunately, this considerable body of information has produced very few firm conclusions. Most of the earlier studies were based on a case specific approach with the aim of building up a range of information about new shopping developments in fringe locations.(1) However, the aim of being able to predict the impact of new stores is far from being achieved and these studies have come under increasing criticism. Initially, this was directed at the relatively weak methodology adopted by the earlier surveys and the individuality of their approach.(2) Such problems have produced fresh and more systematic studies of store impact, together with a refinement of practical modelling techniques.(3). © 1982, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
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Shaw G (1982). Structure Plan Policies for Retail Provision in Rural Areas: a Case Study of South West England.
Service Industries Review,
2(1), 38-50.
DOI.
Shaw G, Kirby D (1982). Structure Plan Policies for Retail Provision in Rural Areas: a case study of South West England.
International Small Business Journal,
1(1).
DOI.
1981
Shaw G, Williams A (1981). The Regional Structure of Structure Plans.
Planning Outlook,
23(1), 2-7.
DOI.
1980
Shaw G, Williams A (1980). Structure plans and retail planning.
Retail and Distribution Management,
8(1), 43-47.
Abstract:
Structure plans and retail planning.
At a time when Micheal Heseltine is proposing to undermine the authority of the structure plan in influencing local planning decisions, the authors of this paper find that it is the structure plan which offers most scope for a sane approach to retail planning. The existing system is one where there is either a lack of policy statements or where the plans are too limited in their scope, too localised to provide a sensible analysis of total retailing needs. This could have serious consequences for an industry so finely balanced, where the impact of new or redeveloped district centres has wide implications for the surrounding shopping centres. -from Authors
Abstract.
DOI.
Kivell PT, Shaw G (1980). The study of retail location.
Retail geography, 95-155.
Abstract:
The study of retail location.
Draws together various studies of retail location to summarise and assess the current position. In addition, identifies a number of research themes that have been previously neglected. Contributions are drawn from many disciplines but the main focus is geographical. It is divided as follows: 1) problems of classification and organization; 2) the study of shopping centre location; 3) store location and the study of shop patterns; 4) changes in retail location; 5) conclusions. -E.Turner
Abstract.
1979
Shaw G, Wild MT (1979). Retail patterns in the Victorian city( Britain).
Transactions Institute of British Geographers,
4(2), 278-291.
Abstract:
Retail patterns in the Victorian city( Britain).
Draws attention to the structure and changing nature of retail patterns in Victorian cities. A brief consideration is given to the relationships between retail change and aspects of urban growth. A number of important themes are investigated together with an attempt to provide a conceptual framework to explain urban retail development. This conceptual base proposes more flexible notions of retail locational behaviour than those used in more traditional approaches. -Authors
Abstract.
1978
Shaw G (1978). Retail developments and structural change in West Germany.
Abstract:
Retail developments and structural change in West Germany.
Change in retailing in West Germany has been one of the most rapid in Western Europe. The nature of consumer demand and the structure of the retail system have been transformed. A major impact on the traditional retailing system has arisen from the development of superstores, hypermarkets and various types of other out-of-town shopping facilities. The impact has been upon general retail trade performance and the existing patterns of shopping facilities. New retail developments have serious implications for planning policies (e.g. central area pedestrianisation, traffic management, etc.) as reflected in Bonn and Nurnberg. - Bryan A. Smith
Abstract.
1977
Shaw G (1977). Retail planning: the West German experience.
Town and Country Planning,
45(12), 533-537.
Abstract:
Retail planning: the West German experience.
Discusses the response of retail planning to population redistribution, increased purchasing power, and the short time in which post-war retail developments have occurred. The growth of shopping centres and hypermarkets is also discussed. -from Author
Abstract.
1975
Wild MT, Shaw G (1975). Population distribution and retail provision: the case of the Halifax-Calder Valley area of West Yorkshire during the second half of the nineteenth century.
Journal of Historical Geography,
1(2), 193-210.
DOI.